Alignment, interpretability, red-teaming, bias and privacy: the research on what these systems do when they misbehave.
arXiv:2607. 26397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Enzyme function prediction is a hierarchical, knowledge-intensive form of protein function classification.
arXiv:2607. 26094v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the standard approach for aligning large language models with human preferences, but its quality is limited by static, task-agnostic reward models.
arXiv:2607. 26333v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chest X-ray (CXR) machine learning relies heavily on automated evaluation using reference standards that aim to approximate clinical judgment.
arXiv:2607. 26792v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Probabilistic K-line forecasting describes uncertainty in four complementary prices, namely open--high--low--close (OHLC).
arXiv:2509. 05130v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In classification problems, models are trained to predict a class label based on the input data features.
arXiv:2607. 26775v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many kinds of data have structure along one or more axes: words in a sentence, pixels in an image, nodes in a tree, frames in audio, or cells in a 3D volume.
arXiv:2607. 27143v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-stakes decision systems in credit scoring, fraud detection, healthcare, and industrial safety require reliable uncertainty quantification under severe class imbalance and asymmetric error costs.
arXiv:2607. 26509v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep off-policy reinforcement learning algorithms for continuous control typically rely on neural value function approximation to guide policy improvement.
arXiv:2604. 10094v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Anthropogenic methane (CH4) point sources are critical drivers of near-term climate forcing, safety hazards, and system-inefficiencies.
arXiv:2607. 26577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Adaptive conformal inference (ACI) of Gibbs and Cand{\`e}s and its variants are the standard approach to online conformal prediction under distribution shift, but they suffer from three fundamental limitations.
arXiv:2607. 26481v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Detecting when the statistical behavior of an engineered system changes, and identifying which component is responsible, are core problems in the monitoring of telecommunication networks, robotic platforms, security infrastructure, and multi-agent systems.
arXiv:2607. 26219v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Regression estimates from observational data can depend on specification under multicollinearity, while sequential sums of squares (SS) depend on term order.
arXiv:2502. 10605v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Problem definition: Estimating causal effects of interventions is central to policy and operations, but outcome data are often missing or costly to obtain.
arXiv:2607. 27027v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Gradient-boosted trees dominate tabular machine learning, yet canonical correlation analysis has always relied on linear or neural encoders.
arXiv:2603. 21033v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Geotechnical site characterisation relies on sparse, heterogeneous borehole data, where uncertainty quantification and interpretability matter as much as predictive accuracy.
arXiv:2607. 26820v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) evolve from standalone assistants into autonomous agents, ensuring their safety requires shifting beyond pointwise risk assessment to understand how risks emerge and unfold over long-horizon trajectories.
arXiv:2605. 24033v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mechanistic interpretability typically discovers circuits and then argues what they do from examples and ablations.
arXiv:2603. 23171v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Providers monitor deployed large language models (LLMs) to detect misuse that they cannot prevent.
arXiv:2607. 26339v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems ground large language models (LLMs) in external corpora, but this reliance exposes them to corpus poisoning: maliciously injected passages that manipulate retrieved evidence.
arXiv:2607. 26099v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine-learning services increasingly rely on public data, third-party providers, and outsourced training, creating opportunities for data-poisoning attacks that implant persistent malicious behavior while preserving benign utility.