Policy optimisation, reward modelling and RLHF — how models are trained by feedback rather than by labels.
arXiv:2606. 09850v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training alignment algorithms are predominantly evaluated as black boxes, obscuring how they reshape language models' internal computations.
arXiv:2606. 09932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a standard pipeline for Large Language Model (LLM) post-training.
arXiv:2606. 09926v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sampling from the sequence-level power distribution $p^\alpha$ elicits RL-level reasoning from base language models without any parameter updates, but the standard Metropolis--Hastings (MH), a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler, is both expensive and slow-mixing.
arXiv:2606. 10321v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) trains autoregressive policies to solve routing problems.
arXiv:2507. 17188v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper investigates secure communications in rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) enabled heterogeneous UAV networks, where multiple UAVs collaboratively serve ground terminals in the presence of eavesdroppers.
arXiv:2604. 20024v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study replicable algorithms for stochastic multi-armed bandits (MAB) and linear bandits with UCB (Upper Confidence Bound) based exploration.
arXiv:2606. 09837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Emotional interaction is increasingly crucial for conversational AI, yet current systems lack a self-emotion determination mechanism to drive the streaming text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis.
arXiv:2606. 09884v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study two reproducible failure modes of deep multi-agent reinforcement learning in continuous-time pricing markets: (i) tacit cartel formation between competing DDPG agents, and (ii) actor--critic instability at high event rates.
arXiv:2606. 10359v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents in supply chains face a fundamental epistemic gap: large language models (LLMs) interpret policies but lack physical grounding, while reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes flows but is semantically blind to unstructured constraints.
arXiv:2606. 10979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many Markov decision processes (MDPs) in operations research have feasible actions that are state dependent and defined implicitly by various operational constraints.
arXiv:2403. 00420v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a subfield of machine learning for training autonomous agents that take sequential actions across complex environments.
arXiv:2606. 10968v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become standard for improving LLM reasoning.
arXiv:2509. 04027v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Test-time scaling, primarily manifested through multi-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning via Reinforcement Learning (RL), has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs).
arXiv:2606. 10709v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The use of GRPO-style algorithms has become the standard strategy for training LLM search agents under outcome-only rewards.
arXiv:2606. 10646v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Token-level credit assignment remains a key obstacle for reinforcement learning (RL) in large language models (LLMs), where RL recipes typically treat all tokens equally, failing to distinguish decisive reasoning steps from routine formatting or fluent filler.
arXiv:2606. 11092v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Elite humanoid soccer shooting requires whole-body stability, high-impulse whole-body interactions, and accuracy to targets.
arXiv:2606. 09869v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Federated Learning (FL) combined with Split Learning (SL) is a privacy preserving paradigm that enables training deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource constrained devices while reducing overall training cost.
arXiv:2606. 07532v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: RLHF-trained models are systematically biased toward agreement over accuracy, a structural property of the training process.
arXiv:2606. 09961v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents via reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled frontier models to achieve superhuman performance in long-horizon tasks.
arXiv:2512. 06343v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reward models are central to Large Language Model (LLM) alignment within the framework of RLHF.