Policy optimisation, reward modelling and RLHF — how models are trained by feedback rather than by labels.
arXiv:2607. 20908v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful technique to enhance the reasoning capacity of LLMs for optimized code generation.
arXiv:2510. 04019v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) represent a promising alternative to autoregressive LLMs; however, the lack of effective post-training techniques, including reinforcement learning (RL), remains a key challenge for dLLMs, especially for downstream applications.
arXiv:2604. 25077v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Weak-to-strong alignment offers a promising route to scalable supervision, but it can fail when a strong model becomes confidently wrong on examples that lie in the weak model's blind spots.
arXiv:2509. 22047v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been shown to be an effective algorithm when an accurate reward model is available.
arXiv:2607. 20452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern software quality assurance demands intelligent, autonomous systems capable of adaptive decision-making across distributed cloud environments.
arXiv:2607. 21498v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A rhetorical figure that Cicero and Quintilian catalogued two thousand years ago reappears, systematically, in the text of large language models: epanorthosis, the self-correction of the specimen {\guillemotleft}This is not a course.
arXiv:2607. 20550v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The traditional "one drug, one target" paradigm of structure-based drug design (SBDD) frequently proves inadequate for treating multifactorial diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, owing to compensatory signaling pathways and the emergence of drug resistance.
arXiv:2508. 16947v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite significant progress, imitation learning-based autonomous driving planners remain largely restricted to reproducing high-frequency biased behaviors, overlooking the inherent behavioral diversity of human driving.
arXiv:2607. 21488v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Coordinating autonomous vehicles at unsignalized intersections remains a critical challenge for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) systems, which typically struggle with combinatorial action spaces, reliance on privileged information, or rigid agent designs.
arXiv:2607. 20656v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Effective decision-making in complex and changing environments requires balancing short-term and long-term consequences.
arXiv:2508. 21797v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Industry 4.
arXiv:2607. 20708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A recent line of work measures causal emergence in reinforcement learning agents through Integrated Information Decomposition, reporting that $\Phi_r$ grows with training and tracks reward improvement.
arXiv:2607. 20448v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce Domyn-Small, a 10-billion-parameter open-weight reasoning language model released under the MIT license.
arXiv:2511. 05385v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability.
arXiv:2607. 21273v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dense per-step supervision is an appealing remedy for sparse-reward, long-horizon LLM agents: reward the agent for predicting its next observation, and memory should follow.
Unlike large language models (LLMs) that exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, vision-language models (VLMs) struggle with visual reasoning, even on geometry problems that admit equivalent text, diagram, and combined diagram+text views. We show that these views often elicit different behaviors: a model may solve a problem from text but fail on the corresponding diagram, or succeed visually while failing textually.
A rhetorical figure that Cicero and Quintilian catalogued two thousand years ago reappears, systematically, in the text of large language models: epanorthosis, the self-correction of the specimen «This is not a course. It is a journey of transformation».
A LoRA adapter is a few megabytes that almost everyone treats as a skill rather than a record of the data behind it. We put that assumption on a scale.
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful technique to enhance the reasoning capacity of LLMs for optimized code generation. However, existing RLVR approaches primarily rely on outcome-based signals such as correctness and speedup, overlooking performance-critical structural properties of programs that are essential for generating optimized code.
arXiv:2607. 20166v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Audio Language models (LALMs) have made rapid progress on acoustic understanding, yet they still struggle with fine-grained audio reasoning (e.