Fiber tractography's ability to reconstruct the brain's structural pathways, has made it a crucial component of modern neuroimaging, enabling detailed, non-invasive mapping of structural connectivity and supporting a wide range of neurological research and clinical applications. However, despite its importance, tractography remains a challenging task due to the inherent complexity of white matter structure and its susceptibility to false positives, which can lead to the misrepresentation of critical pathways.
arXiv:2608. 11674v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-policy rollout methods such as GRPO are central to post-training of large language models, yet they frequently suffer from training instabilities, cross-task capability degradation, and response-length inflation.
By Kai Yang, Jingwei Xu, Wanyu Wang, Kai-Yuan Guo, Zhenbo Yu, Yi Wang, Yu Qiao
arXiv:2608. 11260v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to identify anomalous events and localize their temporal intervals.
By Shibo Gao, Peipei Yang, Xu-Yao Zhang, Linlin Huang
arXiv:2608. 11922v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predictive-distribution entropy makes a strong selection rule in retrieval-augmented question answering: across five QA benchmarks, keeping the candidate answer that a frozen respondent LLM produces with the lowest answer-token entropy lifts mean answer $F_1$ from 0.
By Po-Jen Ko, Che-Cheng Wu, Hung-Chun Hsu, Li-Yang Chang, Chuan-Ju Wang
arXiv:2608. 11381v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study whether the localized numerical operations and integrative judgments of financial analysis benefit from the same form of LLM specialization.
By Pardis Taghavi, Santosh Bhavani
arXiv:2608. 12253v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning for human-AI interaction typically relies on a single large language model to simulate user behavior.
By Simon Yu, Nicholas Tomlin, Marwa Abdulhai, Ximing Lu, Derek Chong, Abe Hou, Dilara Soylu, Sergey Levine, Christopher D. Manning, Weiyan Shi
arXiv:2608. 12220v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibits a critical bottleneck in robust spatial reasoning.
By Zile Zhou, Huining Yuan, Weichen Zhang, Xinlei Chen, Xiao-ping Zhang
arXiv:2608. 11226v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement-learning post-training dominates modern language-model development, yet its power behavior on GPU hardware has not been characterized, and datacenters manage GPU power with workload-blind mechanisms, static caps and reactive throttling, that slow hardware indiscriminately.
By Eliseo Curcio
arXiv:2608. 11631v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In open-domain human-computer interaction scenarios, large language models (LLMs) frequently encounter user queries that are ambiguous or incomplete.
By Kuangzhao Yang, Ziliang Zhao, Zhicheng Dou
arXiv:2608. 12190v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the increasing complexity of cyber assaults in cloud environments, adaptable security solutions are needed that can support real-time detection and autonomous response.
By Md Yassir Mottalib, Md Yousuf, Eklachur Rahman Bhuiyan, S M Ahsan Habib, Sonjoy Kumar Dey, Md. Salahuddin Gazi, Molay Kumar Roy, Asaduzzaman Anik
arXiv:2608. 11368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) spends most of its compute generating groups of long reasoning trajectories.
By Pixel Nomand, Elena Voss, Marcus Hale, Sofia Reyes
arXiv:2608. 12063v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Integrating locomotion and manipulation is essential for robot autonomy, but scaling standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) to complex tasks is severely bottlenecked by the slow, manual process of dense reward shaping.
By Martin Schuck, Maks Sorokin, Simone Manni, Duy Ta, Angela P. Schoellig, Marco Hutter, Simon Le Cleac'H, Jan Br\"udigam
arXiv:2608. 11498v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Natural-language-based scenario generation offers an intuitive means of describing rare and complex driving interactions, yet it is still uncertain whether training with language-structured data leads to truly adaptive control policies.
By Aditya Humnabadkar, Huaizhong Zhang, Ardhendu Behera
arXiv:2604. 17244v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents for sequential decision-making struggle to produce diverse outputs.
By Priya Gurjar, Md Farhan Ishmam, Kenneth Marino
arXiv:2608. 11691v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement-learning (RL) post-training equips multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) with exploratory chains of thought (CoT), substantially improving visual reasoning.
By Xinhao Zhong, Yuxia Qiao, Junhao Li, Hao Fang, Yi Sun, Bin Chen
arXiv:2603. 06957v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study post-training linear autoregressive models with outcome and process rewards.
By Alireza Mousavi-Hosseini, Murat A. Erdogdu
arXiv:2608. 11291v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Intrusion detection systems (IDS) and automated systems for detecting and reporting cyber threats, are commonly handled via supervised machine learning methods.
By Logan Luna (Georgia Institute of Technology), Matthew P. Berkowitz (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University), Laxima Niure Kandel (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University), Sirio Jansen-S'anchez (Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University)
arXiv:2608. 11698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student on its own trajectories under dense token-level supervision from a teacher.
By Yang Sun, Lichao Ma, Houyuan Qin, Yuxin Liu, Hanyang Lu, Yao Zhu, Pinlong Cai, Guohang Yan
arXiv:2608. 11624v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Persuasion is a core dynamic of natural language communication, shaping how large language models (LLMs) update beliefs, resolve disagreements, and reach decisions.
By Nimet Beyza Bozdag, Emre Can Acikgoz, Gokhan Tur, Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur
arXiv:2604. 18064v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Human motion world models should capture motion's intentionality by being executable: adaptable to different actions and capable of assessing motion quality.
By Rimvydas Rubavicius, Manisha Dubey, N. Siddharth, Subramanian Ramamoorthy