Policy optimisation, reward modelling and RLHF — how models are trained by feedback rather than by labels.
arXiv:2605. 11611v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for training agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems from outcome-only supervision.
arXiv:2608. 10323v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Competitive artificial-life systems can rank trained controllers differently under training and ecological evaluation.
arXiv:2605. 23146v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Classical reinforcement learning assumes the agent interacts with a fixed environment whose behavior does not depend on the agent's policy.
arXiv:2608. 10954v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in benign scenarios, their cognitive reliability deteriorates significantly in complex scenes under adverse conditions.
arXiv:2509. 03140v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We demonstrate that local sensing is sufficient for effective global reconfiguration of homogeneous pivoting cube modular robots in two dimensions.
arXiv:2608. 11191v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: GUI Visual Grounding is a fundamental capability for GUI agents.
arXiv:2608. 10529v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The multi-armed bandit problem is a central framework in sequential decision-making, extensively studied under sub-Gaussian reward assumptions.
arXiv:2506. 00818v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Offline reinforcement learning for longitudinal studies often faces two linked challenges: rewards may be binary or bounded, and reward observations may be available only for a subset of trajectories or time points even when the corresponding state-action-next-state histories are available.
arXiv:2608. 10473v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Offline-to-online (O2O) reinforcement learning aims to leverage policies pretrained on static datasets while improving them through online interaction.
arXiv:2608. 10362v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive large language model (LLM) inference by using a lightweight draft model to speculate multiple tokens, reducing expensive target model decoding steps.
arXiv:2608. 10827v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical visual agents can use tools to inspect images and retrieve external knowledge, but indiscriminate tool use may introduce noisy or misleading evidence.
arXiv:2602. 02035v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning systems deployed in real-world robotics applications face severe communication constraints that significantly impact coordination effectiveness.
arXiv:2608. 10182v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large-scale targeting and recommendation systems are typically built around predictive scores fed into heuristic or local allocation.
arXiv:2605. 15850v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In recent years, generative AI (GenAI) in educational settings has become ubiquitous in university students' daily lives, despite its potential to induce over-reliance, metacognitive disengagement, and diminished learning when used unrestrictedly.
arXiv:2608. 10126v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aggregates heterogeneous preferences into a single reward model, assuming preference homogeneity.
arXiv:2608. 10402v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models is moving toward multi-turn agentic workloads, where rollout tasks repeatedly pause for external environments, resume with growing contexts, and finish at highly variable times.
arXiv:2608. 10549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Achieving high accuracy in laser-based cutting of optical films requires careful tuning of parameters such as focal length and laser power beam, adjusted according to the specific properties of each film type.
arXiv:2608. 10357v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-horizon tool-using agents must reason over user goals, domain policies, tool calls, simulator state, and delayed verifiable rewards.
arXiv:2509. 23102v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as the standard paradigm for aligning large language models with human preferences.
arXiv:2608. 10823v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training of large language models (LLMs) is computationally intensive and involves complex system pipelines with substantial debugging overhead.