Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI

Jul 8

OpenGround: Planning-based Online Perception for Open-World 3D Visual Grounding

arXiv:2512. 23020v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: 3D visual grounding aims to locate objects based on natural language descriptions in 3D scenes.

By Wenyuan Huang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhou Wei, Ting Huang, Fang Zhao, Jian Yang

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 8

PCBWorld: A Benchmark Environment for Engine-Grounded PCB Design Automation

arXiv:2607. 05915v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: PCB routing is the task of connecting the nets of a board with copper traces under strict design rules, yet learning-based methods still lag behind rule-based routers.

By Hyungseok Song, Junseok Park, Won-Seok Choi, Seohui Bae, Han-Seul Jeong, Youngjoon Park, Soonyoung Lee

llms agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

Fine-Tuning Integrity for Modern Neural Networks: Structured Drift Proofs via Norm, Rank, and Sparsity Certificates

arXiv:2604. 04738v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fine-tuning is the dominant paradigm for adapting large machine learning models, yet current deployment pipelines provide no way to verify how a released model was updated.

By Zhenhang Shang, Yingzhe Yu, Kani Chen

llms fine-tuning efficiency benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

Leech Lattice Vector Quantization for Efficient LLM Compression

arXiv:2603. 11021v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scalar quantization of large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by information-theoretic bounds.

By Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa, Mart van Baalen, Paul Whatmough, Markus Nagel

llms efficiency benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

Is Domain Adaptation Always Helpful? A Frozen-Backbone Study of Cross-Domain Sentiment Transfer

arXiv:2607. 05937v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sentiment analysis with frozen pre-trained language model (PLM) backbones has become a common paradigm, yet the practical benefit of explicit domain adaptation remains unclear, particularly when backbones encode varying degrees of target-domain knowledge.

By Phat Tran, Artin Lahni, Pranav Kulkarni, Yaolun Zhang

llms rag nlp fine-tuning safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

No Subspace to Track: Non-Identifiability and Optimizer State in Low-Rank Training

arXiv:2607. 05872v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Memory-efficient optimizers such as GaLore train large language models by projecting gradients onto a rank-r subspace recomputed every T steps, assuming this subspace is a slowly drifting object that can be tracked.

By Noel Thomas

llms computer-vision

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

Multi-Channel Spread-Spectrum Code Watermarking

arXiv:2607. 06009v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Attributing code to the large language model that produced it is essential for provenance, licensing, and misuse accountability, yet no deployed watermark meets this need.

By Soohyeon Choi, Debin Gao, Yue Duan

llms rag

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Decision Protocols in Multi-Agent Large Language Model Conversations

arXiv:2607. 05477v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Improving the task performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential, yet scaling these models faces significant challenges such as diminishing returns and high costs.

By Lars Benedikt Kaesberg

llms agents benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

More Convincing, Not More Correct: Self-Play Reward Hacking of Reference-Free LLM Judges

arXiv:2607. 05904v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training a language model against its own reference-free judgments (the premise of self-rewarding, self-play, and LLM-as-a-judge pipelines) assumes a model's verdict on a shown answer tracks correctness.

By Chenyu Zhou

llms reinforcement-learning

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Harnessing Generative Image Models for Training-Free Primitive Shape Abstraction

arXiv:2607. 05568v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Representing 3D shapes as compact sets of geometric primitives is fundamental to robotics, simulation, and scene understanding.

By Gregor Kobsik, Tim Elsner, Leif Kobbelt

llms computer-vision robotics fine-tuning multimodal

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

A semantic mutation metric for metamorphic relation adequacy in scientific computing programs

arXiv:2605. 17437v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Context.

By Meng Li (School of Computing, University of South China, Hengyang, China, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment, Hengyang, China, CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing, Hengyang, China), Xiaohua Yang (School of Computing, University of South China, Hengyang, China, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment, Hengyang, China, CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing, Hengyang, China), Jie Liu (School of Computing, University of South China, Hengyang, China, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment, Hengyang, China, CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing, Hengyang, China), Shiyu Yan (School of Computing, University of South China, Hengyang, China, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Software Evaluation and Testing for Intellectual Equipment, Hengyang, China, CNNC Key Laboratory on High Trusted Computing, Hengyang, China)

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Onnes: A Physics-Grounded Multi-Agent LLM Simulator for Cryogenic Fault Diagnosis in Quantum Computing Infrastructure

arXiv:2607. 05805v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dilution refrigerators are the enabling infrastructure of superconducting quantum computers, yet their fault diagnosis is still dominated by threshold alarms that report that something is wrong, not what.

By Praneeth Narisetty, Uday Kumar Reddy Kattamanchi, Shiva Nagendra Babu Kore

llms agents robotics benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Spider 2.0-AIFunc: Extending Real-World Text-to-SQL to AI-Native SQL Workflows

arXiv:2607. 06229v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Major cloud data platforms now expose large language model capabilities as native SQL functions, enabling analysts to perform classification, filtering, sentiment analysis, extraction, similarity search, and aggregation within ordinary SQL queries.

By Tianyang Liu, Canwen Xu, Fangyu Lei, Nikki Lijing Kuang, Jixuan Chen, Tao Yu, Julian McAuley, Zhewei Yao, Yuxiong He

llms agents nlp benchmarks data-engineering

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Propose and Attend: Training-free MLLM Grounding Confidence via Multi-Token Localized Attention

arXiv:2607. 05978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models can emit localized predictions, bounding boxes for objects and temporal windows for video and audio events, but they hallucinate these regions prolifically.

By Daniel Shalam, Emanuel Ben Baruch, Avi Ben Cohen, Tal Remez

llms computer-vision multimodal safety

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Task Decomposition-Guided Reranking for Adaptive Agent Skill Retrieval

arXiv:2607. 06283v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Skill usage can significantly enhance the ability of modern agent systems to complete complex tasks.

By Yanping Chen, Weijie Shi, Wen Yang, Jiajie Xu

llms rag agents

arXiv AI

Jul 8

MechVQA: Benchmarking and Enhancing Multimodal LLMs on Comprehensive Mechanical Drawing Understanding

arXiv:2605. 30794v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant achievements in general visual question answering (VQA) tasks.

By Qian Kou, Xiaofeng Shi, Yulin Li, Xiaosong Qiu, Xinyang Wang, Hua Zhou, Cao Dongxing

llms nlp multimodal benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 8

Privilege and confidentiality in generative AI workflows

arXiv:2607. 05479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative AI (GenAI) systems store and process client data in three distinct ways: in the model's parameters through training and memorisation, in the context window during a live session, and in knowledge databases for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).

By V\'aclav Jane\v{c}ek, Thomas Melham

llms rag benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 8

An LLM-Native Psychometric Instrument Reveals a Self-Report--Behavior Gap Across 25 Models

arXiv:2606. 09843v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) give stable answers to personality questionnaires, yet these self-reports fail to predict how the models behave.

By Juan Manuel Contreras

llms safety

arXiv AI

Jul 8

DepthWeave-KV: Token-Adaptive Cross-Layer Residual Factorization for Long-Context KV Cache Compression

arXiv:2607. 06523v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-context language model inference is increasingly limited by the memory bandwidth and capacity required to store key-value caches, yet existing compression methods often apply uniform budgets across layers or tokens and degrade retrieval when lexical cues and semantic states require different preservation.

By Anna Cordoba, Adam Puente Tercero, Nerea Angulo Hijo, Mar Linares Tercero, Julia Barrientos, Ainhoa Miranda, Jesus Olivera

llms nlp efficiency benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jul 8

Where to cut, how deep: BPE and Unigram-LM on chemistry SMILES

arXiv:2607. 05691v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Every chemical language model reading SMILES begins with a tokenizer, yet the field has inherited byte-pair encoding (BPE) from natural language with little scrutiny.

By Hunter Heidenreich

llms rag computer-vision nlp

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