Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI
Sep 15

K-Bench: a clinically calibrated benchmark for evaluating large language models in high-risk mental health conversations

arXiv:2609.15855v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: % !TEX root = ../main.tex People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) for mental health support, yet their safety in evolving, high-risk con...

By Laura M. Vowels, Matthew J. Vowels, Shivali Sharma, Apoorv Jha, Rehnuma Choudhury, Wasseem El Sarraj, Rachel Francois-Walcott, Aruba Hussain, Sarah Ingram, Angela Loulopoulou, Adva Segal, Elena Volkova
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 15

MUSE: A Theory-Harnessed Story Engine for Vibe Narrativizing

MUSE is a story‑generation engine that applies Robert McKee’s narrative theory to guide decisions about plot, character, and language throughout planning, drafting, and revision. It structures story knowledge into rule atoms, semantic consolidations, and mechanisms, and uses intermediate deliverables to preserve decisions across creative stages. Experiments show MUSE improves benchmark scores over zero‑shot generation and maintains low consistency errors across multiple models.

By Jianxiang Ma, Xiaocui Yang, Daling Wang, Yuesong Hou, Mingfu Zhang, Yichen Gao, Junzhao Huang
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 15

Discrete Beckmann Transport Models for One-Step Language Modeling and Reasoning

Discrete Beckmann Transport Models (DBTM) are introduced as a new type of discrete diffusion and flow model that can generate language in a single step by mapping any point to a fixed point on the simplex vertices. Unlike previous approaches, DBTM eliminates the need for a pretrained teacher model and time conditioning by minimizing a conservation equation directly from data. The model can be partially trained and iterated until convergence, and it can be extended to a partial‑context interpolant that refines outputs with additional function evaluations. Experiments on language modeling and reasoning tasks show that DBTM achieves higher quality and accuracy than existing discrete diffusion and continuous flow baselines.

By Sophia Tang, Shiyi Wang
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 15

IndicQE-APE: A Consolidated Benchmark for Quality Estimation and Automatic Post-Editing for Indic Languages

arXiv:2608.16344v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Indic quality estimation (QE) and automatic post-editing (APE) data is spread across separate releases, so no single resource supports training and...

By Diptesh Kanojia, Archchana Sindhujan, Sourabh Deoghare, Daria Sokova, Shenbin Qian, Girish Koushik, Tharindu Ranasinghe, Constantin Or\u{a}san, Chrysoula Zerva, Ricardo Rei, Fr\'ed\'eric Blain, Andr\'e F. T. Martins, Marco Turchi, Matteo Negri, Anoop Kunchukuttan, Mitesh M. Khapra, Pushpak Bhattacharyya
arXiv Computer Vision
Sep 15

AMALIA-VL: A Native European Portuguese Open-Source Vision and Language Model

arXiv:2606.19100v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large Vision and Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet European Portuguese (pt-PT) remains systematically underserved by existing open...

By Diogo Gl\'oria-Silva, Jo\~ao Cardeira, Manuel Letras da Luz, Afonso Simpl\'icio, Gon\c{c}alo Vinagre, Diogo Tavares, Rafael Ferreira, In\^es Calvo, In\^es Vieira, David Semedo, Jo\~ao Magalh\~aes
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Generative Interpretability via Scalable Neuro-Symbolic Models

The paper argues that as Large Language Models transition from chatbots to agentic systems, the current post-hoc interpretability paradigm is insufficient for safe deployment because it cannot audit or intervene before an output is produced. It proposes a shift to generative interpretability, where a model’s inference process inherently exposes semantically meaningful checkpoints that are human-understandable and can be causally intervened upon. The authors illustrate the advantages of this approach and introduce Neuro‑Symbolic Models as a concrete implementation.

By Xiaocong Yang
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 15

IROH: Insightful Ranking Of Humor using Multi-Stage Hybrid Retrieval with Rationale-Distilled LLM Judges for JOKER 2026 Track Task 1 English

arXiv:2609.15618v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Our team, VANGUARD, presents IROH (Insightful Ranking of Humor), a three-stage retrieval system for JOKER Task 1 English at CLEF 2026, achieving firs...

By Ana-Maria Luisa Mocanu, Sebastian Mocanu, Ciprian-Octavian Truic\u{a}, Elena-Simona Apostol
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Access Paths for Efficient Ordering with Large Language Models

arXiv:2509.00303v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this work, we present the \texttt{LLM ORDER BY} semantic operator as a logical abstraction and conduct a systematic study of its physical...

By Fuheng Zhao, Jiayue Chen, Yiming Pan, Tahseen Rabbani, Sohaib, Divyakant Agrawal, Amr El Abbadi, Paritosh Aggarwal, Anupam Datta, Dimitris Tsirogiannis
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 15

GRADE: Graph Representation of LLM Agent Dependency and Execution

The paper introduces GRADE, a graph-based representation of large language model (LLM) agent executions that captures both execution steps and their dependencies. By adding graded dependency edges—observed, declared, or inferred—to the trace, the authors evaluate how this dependency layer affects failure prediction across six corpora involving tool use, coding, and web tasks. Experiments show that the dependency block can improve prediction in some settings, but its effectiveness varies with the evaluation probe and corpus, and controlled experiments demonstrate that the observed structure is not merely a degree-matched artifact.

By Yue Zhao
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 15

Tabby: An Open Pretraining Recipe for Time Series Foundation Models

arXiv:2609.13956v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this report, we release Tabby, a long context probabilistic time series foundation model, together with a complete and open recipe of how it was bui...

By Shifeng Xie, Bahaeddine Abdessalem, Zehao Xiao, Youssef Attia El Hili, Ambroise Odonnat, Zhiwei Dong, Lei Zan, Themis Palpanas, Jianfeng Zhang, Lujia Pan, Keli Zhang, Malik Tiomoko
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Root-Cause Attribution Is a Search Problem: Continual Search for Long-Horizon Agent Failures

The paper introduces Continual Search, an iterative framework that guides large language models to persistently search for diagnostic evidence in long AI agent execution logs, addressing the limitations of one-shot judgments. Evaluated on four existing RCA benchmarks and a new large-scale dataset called MegaRCA-Mix, Continual Search consistently boosts attribution performance, achieving a 40% F1 improvement for GPT‑5.5 on MegaRCA‑Mix. The results show that effective search can outweigh raw model scale, enabling lower-tier models to outperform higher-tier ones in root‑cause attribution tasks.

By Harsh Raj, David Lee, Anas Mahmoud, Renxiong Wang, Razvan-Gabriel Dumitru, Chenguang Wang, Tong Zhao, Yunzhong He, Darvin Yi, Vipul Gupta