CG-Probes are a method for extracting guardrail directions—Medical Urgency, Psychological Urgency, and Topic Sensitivity—from patient query embeddings. By treating each risk axis as a linear direction in the normalized embedding space, the approach uses difference‑in‑means probing and contrastive pairs generated from clustered Czech oncology search queries. Evaluated on 200 queries graded by oncologists, the probes perform comparably to open‑weight and frontier LLMs while offering lower latency and requiring only search logs, axis definitions, and black‑box embedding access.
By Marko \v{R}eh\'a\v{c}ek, V\'it\v{e}zslav Du\v{s}ek, Martin Rusinko, V\'it Nov\'a\v{c}ek
RupeeBias is a new benchmark that audits demographic bias in large language models (LLMs) when they provide economic guidance in India. It contains 39,150 prompts across four use cases—salary estimation, salary increment estimation, counter‑offer recommendation, and service pricing recommendation—varying 87 India‑specific demographic identifiers such as caste, religion, regional identity, gender, disability, and urban‑rural location. Evaluations of nine LLMs show that outputs differ by an average of 20.2% when only the demographic identifier changes, revealing systematic disparities across all six axes.
By Pavithra P M Nair, Bhavik Talaviya, Shourya Bhushan, Rahul Pankajakshan, Seema Guruvadoo, Avinash Agarwal, Gilad Gressel, Krishnashree Achuthan
The paper introduces "stale‑document poisoning," a temporal alignment failure where outdated retrieval evidence causes retrieval‑augmented generation models to produce incorrect answers even when the model could answer correctly without retrieval. A benchmark of 317 verified knowledge reversals across medicine, law, software, and platform policy shows that outdated evidence flips 30–37% of Llama and Qwen answers, rising to 66–75% when models are explicitly instructed to trust the document. The study demonstrates that providing explicit validity information and a recency‑aware re‑ranker can substantially reduce poisoning, highlighting the need for models to assess whether retrieved evidence remains applicable.
By Md Shamim Ahmed, Lukas Galke Poech, Richard R\"{o}ttger
The paper introduces two new sampling techniques—GROOT and Verbalized Sampling—to create strategically diverse training data for self-training large language models. By focusing on substantive variation in problem-solving approaches rather than just correctness, the authors demonstrate that models trained on this data outperform those trained on IID samples across competitive programming and Next‑Chapter Prediction tasks. Notably, self‑training with strategically diverse but incorrect traces from Qwen3‑4B surpasses IID distillation from a 235B teacher, challenging assumptions about the importance of correctness and teacher scale.
By Alexander Gurung, Esmeralda S. Whitammer, Mirella Lapata
The paper evaluates whether music‑text models truly capture fine‑grained musical meaning by introducing attribute‑swap perturbations that exchange properties such as timbre or order between instruments in a caption. Four contrastive models and one large audio‑language model were tested to see if they would score higher on the original caption than on the perturbed one. The results show that none of the contrastive models reliably distinguish the captions, and the audio‑language model’s advantage stems mainly from language priors, indicating that CLAP scores behave like a bag‑of‑words and fail to reflect attribute bindings.
By Yuan-Chiao Cheng, Alexander Lerch
The paper introduces a symbiotic architecture that equips large language models with audio‑understanding abilities without fine‑tuning their weights. It uses an injector module to write audio‑conditioned vectors into the LLM’s key‑value cache, allowing the model to act as an audio language model while keeping the backbone unchanged. The approach improves scalability—since injection cost depends on the injector width—and preserves the LLM’s original text performance, outperforming conventional frozen‑LLM methods and approaching fine‑tuned ALM results on audio tasks.
By Yotaro Kubo, Qi Sun, Yujin Tang
The paper introduces Timo, a kinematics-aware multimodal diffusion transformer designed for human motion generation. Timo employs fully shared multimodal attention, flow matching, and geometric/rotational-kinematics supervision to better coordinate articulated motion, and uses a two-stage curriculum to align motion with text captions. The authors also present a new benchmark of 40,025 clips from six datasets, showing that Timo outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods, achieving a 40.8% relative improvement over Kimodo on average.
By Zhao Wang, Jiangtao Hu, Jack Yu, Tao Yu
arXiv:2609.31193v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Current Audio-Visual LLMs (AVLLMs) struggle with reasoning over videos featuring multi-speaker dialogues. In such videos, resolving "who says what" is...
By Jihoo Jung, Youngjoon Jang, Joon Son Chung
arXiv:2609.31456v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) often struggle with compositional reasoning tasks, but the reasons for this underperformance remain unclear. A common hyp...
By Mona Gandhi, Cenk Merih Olcay, Kuan-Chieh Lo, Santiago Castro, Christopher W. Myers, Srinivasan Parthasarathy
arXiv:2609.31595v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: 3D scene graphs provide a structured representation of complex environments by encoding objects, their semantic attributes, and the spatial and functio...
By Luka Milivojevic, Nikola Popovic, Sayan Deb Sarkar, Sebastian Koch, Iro Armeni, Luc Van Gool, Danda Pani Paudel
arXiv:2609.30988v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Real-world image super-resolution (SR) requires recovering perceptually realistic high-resolution images from complex low-resolution observations while...
By Xin Di, Mingyu Shi, Yuanfei Bao, Long Peng, Yue Zhao, Jiaming Guo, Renjing Pei, Xueyang Fu, Yang Cao, Zheng-Jun Zha
arXiv:2609.31451v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: The growing popularity of short videos has driven demand for one-click content creation. Visual templates turn uploaded images into personalized cont...
By Hongjie Yu, Zhiyuan Fan, Yuzhe Zhang, Jiangcun Du, Zhicheng Gao, Yuhong Zhang, Xiaokai Zhan, Zongshi Xie
arXiv:2506.02015v4 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified multimodal understanding and generation. However, they still strug...
By Yoonjin Oh, Yongjin Kim, Hyomin Kim, Donghwan Chi, Sungwoong Kim
arXiv:2512.21004v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Recent advances in pretraining general foundation models have significantly improved performance across diverse downstream tasks. While autoregress...
By Jinghan Li, Yang Jin, Hao Jiang, Yadong Mu, Yang Song, Kun Xu
arXiv:2604.10766v5 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Open-set 3D macromolecule detection in cryogenic electron tomography eliminates the need for target-specific model retraining. However, strict VRAM...
By Ming-Yang Ho, Alberto Bartesaghi
arXiv:2604.17422v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Long video understanding remains a formidable challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) due to the prohibitive cost of processing dens...
By Shaoguang Wang, Weiyu Guo, Ziyang Chen, Xuming Hu, Hui Xiong
The paper introduces an architectural mediation approach that uses the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to bridge large language model (LLM) agents with data spaces. By implementing the Eunomia Agent, the mediation layer translates data space capabilities into structured, schema-driven tools that LLM agents can discover and invoke while respecting governance constraints. A prototype demonstrates end‑to‑end interaction across catalog discovery, metadata retrieval, and data service invocation without altering existing data space components, showing that protocol‑based mediation enables interoperable, standards‑aligned integration of AI agents into governed data‑sharing ecosystems.
By Jaime Alonso Ruiz, Carlos Aparicio, Gabriel Huecas, Joaqu\'in Salvach\'ua, Andres Munoz-Arcentales
The paper introduces a knowledge‑graph‑based evaluation framework, S3KG, to assess whether large language models truly understand context in question answering tasks. S3KG combines structural and semantic signals into a single similarity score and is paired with a diagnostic analysis that pinpoints reasoning errors at the triplet level. Across nine benchmarks, the method outperforms existing baselines, achieving up to +7.6 F1 points and an AUROC of 0.973.
By Subavarshana Arumugam, Mamta Nallaretnam, Kithuni Wickramasinghe, Chamath Gunapala, Pragatheeswaran Vipulanandan, Kamal Premaratne, Uthayasanker Thayasivam
BioEVAL is a global, multi‑institutional benchmark that evaluates large language and multimodal models on experimental reasoning tasks in bioengineering. It comprises 608 items across 11 bioengineering subfields, including 359 vetted multiple‑choice questions, 218 literature synthesis tasks, and 10 multimodal image‑interpretation problems. The benchmark was used to assess models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grok, revealing accuracies up to 90% on MCQs, a 0.72 similarity score on literature synthesis, and 80% accuracy on multimodal tasks, with notable variation across subfields.
By Shun Ye, Vinny Chandran Suja, Chenlong Li, Chongming Jiang, Reza Zamani, Xiang Li, Christopher Bain, Yuqi Zhou, Walker Peterson, Huidong Wang, Chenglang Hu, Jongchan Park, Xiao Cheng, Benjamin Swedlund, Sandra Murillo, Anjali Sivanandan, Shiyu Sun, Liang Lanfeng, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Baju C. Joy, Ishaq N. Khan, Sreedhar S. Kumar, Gabriel Mercado-V\'asquez, James V. Vizzard, Jonathan M. Matthews, Helen Huang, Xiaolu Guo, Ethan Nicklow, Guorui Chen, Ryan A. Neff, Surjendu Maity, Hyeonjin Park, Han-ho Joo, Katherine Dong, Yuyan Cai, Weihang Huang, Yichen Zou, Rui Yan, Raphael Figueroa, Artem Goncharov, Bella Rose Schremmer, Lian Elsa Linton, Keisuke Goda, Liang Gao, Ke Cheng, Leonardo Morsut, Jennifer L. Wilson, Jianping Fu, Lim Chwee Teck, Deblina Sarkar, Andreas Hierlemann, Sava\c{s} Tay, Alexander Hoffmann, Donald Richieri Griffin, Jun Chen, Shana O. Kelley, Shyni Varghese, Jinwoo Cheon, Wilbur A. Lam, James J. Moon, Wilson W. Wong, Samir Mitragotri, Dino Di Carlo
The study evaluates how well language‑model agents can simulate individual social media reactions by comparing predictions under different prompt conditions. Eight Serbian participants’ reactions to 68 posts were recorded, and four language models were asked to predict these reactions using prompts that varied in profile content and instruction style. The results show that prompts emphasizing attitudinal content and intuitive, immediate responses yield the highest fidelity, outperforming demographic backstories and a crowd baseline, and suggesting that such agents could act as general‑purpose simulated users.
By Ljubisa Bojic, Tijana Stanic, Joerg Matthes, Agariadne Dwinggo Samala, Bojana Dinic, Jue Wang