Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI
Jun 2

LLMs Need Encoders for Semantic IDs Too

arXiv:2606. 00324v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal LLMs use dedicated encoders to bridge non-language modalities (vision encoders for images, depth models for audio codec tokens) because raw token embeddings alone cannot capture modality-specific structure.

By Xiangyi Chen, Zelun Wang, Xinyi Li, Yi-Ping Hsu, Jaewon Yang, Jiajing Xu
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 2

Length Generalization Bounds for Transformers

arXiv:2603. 02238v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Length generalization is a key property of a learning algorithm that enables it to make correct predictions on inputs of any length, given finite training data.

By Andy Yang, Pascal Bergstr\"a{\ss}er, Georg Zetzsche, David Chiang, Anthony W. Lin
arXiv AI
Jun 2

SoK: DARPA's AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC): Competition Design, Architectures, and Lessons Learned

arXiv:2602. 07666v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: DARPA's AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC, 2023--2025) is the largest competition to date for building fully autonomous cyber reasoning systems (CRSs) that leverage recent advances in AI -- particularly large language models (LLMs) -- to discover and remediate vulnerabilities in real-world open-source software.

By Cen Zhang, Younggi Park, Fabian Fleischer, Yu-Fu Fu, Jiho Kim, Dongkwan Kim, Youngjoon Kim, Qingxiao Xu, Andrew Chin, Ze Sheng, Hanqing Zhao, Michael Pelican, David J. Musliner, Jeff Huang, Jon Silliman, Mikel Mcdaniel, Jefferson Casavant, Isaac Goldthwaite, Nicholas Vidovich, Matthew Lehman, Taesoo Kim
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 2

Enhancing LLM Metacognition via Cognitive Pairwise Training

arXiv:2606. 00869v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become central to LLM reasoning, but its outcome-level rewards can make models more willing to give confident answers when evidence or reasoning is unreliable.

By Weitao Li, Hao Zhou, Xuanyu Lei, Fandong Meng, Yuanhang Liu, Jingyi Ren, Ante Wang, Xiaolong Wang, Yuanchi Zhang, Fuwen Luo, Guangwen Yang, Lin Gan, Weizhi Ma, Yang Liu
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 2

Trust Region On-Policy Distillation

arXiv:2606. 01249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-Policy Distillation (OPD) is a fundamental technique for efficient post-training of large language models (LLMs), with broad applications in agent learning, multi-task enhancement, and model compression.

By Xingrun Xing, Haoqing Wang, Boyan Gao, Ziheng Li, Yehui Tang