HARP (Hadamard‑Preconditioned Adaptive Rotation Processor) is a learnable, structured two‑sided orthogonal processor that replaces fixed randomized Hadamard transforms in post‑training quantization of large language models. By representing rotations as sparse butterfly‑like block‑orthogonal stages and supporting mixed‑radix schedules, HARP adapts the quantization basis to each layer and calibration distribution while maintaining full‑precision equivalence. Across 2–4‑bit settings on Llama models from 1B to 70B, HARP consistently improves perplexity, delivers the strongest zero‑shot gains at 2 bits, and preserves deployment efficiency—achieving 128 tokens per second on Llama 2 7B at 2 bits, roughly 90% of RHT throughput and over twice the speed of FP16.
By Artur Zagitov, Gleb Molodtsov, Aleksandr Beznosikov
arXiv:2607. 21446v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Post-training quantization (PTQ) of diffusion transformers (DiTs) to W4A4 severely degrades output quality, because activations entering each linear layer contain outliers that 4-bit formats cannot represent.
By Yann Bouquet, Alireza Khodamoradi, Kristof Denolf, Mathieu Salzmann
arXiv:2609.38121v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: KV cache memory and bandwidth costs grow with context length and batch size, which limits efficient long-context inference. To address this bottleneck,...
By Jiale Chen, Vage Egiazarian, Eldar Kurti\'c, Torsten Hoefler, Dan Alistarh
The paper surveys the use of linear, function‑preserving transforms in 4‑bit large‑language‑model (LLM) quantization, formalizing the underlying principle as the "Great Inversion"—the trade‑off between energy concentration favored by allocation‑flexible coding and within‑group flattening favored by grouped shared‑scale quantization. It reviews 200 works, classifies 43 transform methods by structure, data‑awareness, construction approach, and runtime cost, and examines how they interact with GPTQ rounding. The study also explores how different number formats (FP4, MXFP4, NVFP4) influence the optimal transform choice and outlines open research problems.
"whyItMatters":"The survey clarifies the conflicting objectives in transform‑based LLM quantization and provides a practical guide for selecting transforms based on deployment regime, thereby informing future research and deployment strategies."
By Ehsan Jokar
arXiv:2601. 21626v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Post Training Quantization (PTQ), a mainstream model compression technique, often leads to the paradoxical 'low error, high loss' phenomenon because it focuses solely on minimizing quantization error.
By Jinhao Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zicheng yan, Boyang Zhang, Jun Sun, Daning Cheng
arXiv:2606. 02823v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Two-bit weight quantization is attractive for memory-efficient LLM inference, but the standard W2 level set {-2,-1,0,+1} often collapses under aggressive W2A4/KV4 settings.
By Chi-Wei Huang, Chia-Chi Tsai
arXiv:2605.11222v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Quantization is an effective strategy to reduce the storage and computation footprint of large language models (LLMs). Post-training quantization (...
By Ryan Lucas, Mehdi Makni, Xiang Meng, Adam Deng, Rahul Mazumder
arXiv:2506. 04985v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) require substantial compute, and thus energy, at inference time.
By Boris van Breugel, Yelysei Bondarenko, Paul Whatmough, Markus Nagel
arXiv:2601. 07475v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of fine-grained numerical formats like NVFP4 presents new opportunities for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference.
By Haoqian Meng, Yilun Luo, Yafei Zhao, Wenyuan Liu, Peng Zhang, Xindian Ma
arXiv:2603. 10444v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: FP4 training promises substantial memory and compute savings for large language models, but remains fragile because blockwise quantization is dictated by extreme activation magnitudes, which inflate dynamic range and compress long-tail signals.
By Hengjie Cao, Zhendong Huang, Mengyi Chen, Yifeng Yang, Fang Dong, Anrui Chen, Ruijun Huang, Xin Zhang, Mingzhi Dong, Yujiang Wang, Jinlong Hou, Qin Lv, Robert P. Dick, Yuan Cheng, Tun Lu, Fan Yang, Yixuan Chen, Li Shang
arXiv:2606. 15652v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: 4-bit quantization significantly reduces the memory footprint and accelerates the inference of large language models (LLMs).
By Yangjia Hu, Haodong Wang, Zicong Hong, Qianli Liu, Quanxin Shou, Jian Lin, Song Guo, Xiaowei Shen, Xiangjun Huang, Dian Wang, Jian Yang
arXiv:2605. 13768v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This is the second part of the work investigating quantized matrix multiplication (MatMul).
By Or Ordentlich, Yury Polyanskiy