The paper introduces StructEvo, a structure-aware reinforcement learning framework designed to improve protein directed evolution. By using a delta-structure fusion encoder to approximate mutant structure features and a hierarchical action network aligned with protein structure, the method navigates the vast mutation space more effectively. StructEvo outperforms existing machine learning-assisted directed evolution techniques by 9.2% and 16.3% on two benchmarks and uncovers an experimentally validated epistasis pattern in GFP, underscoring the value of structural guidance.
By Zikun Nie, Suyuan Zhao, Yizhen Luo, Siqi Fan, Zaiqing Nie
Fenchel Tilt Flow Control (FTFC) is a new method for fine‑tuning pretrained generative models to arbitrary preference functions. It decouples utility optimization from model fitting by first learning reward and density‑ratio weights on pretrained samples, then freezing these weights to adjust a diffusion or flow model in a single importance‑weighted stage. The approach supports general f‑divergence penalties, achieves exact duality for concave utilities, and demonstrates up to 20× efficiency gains while outperforming baselines on image and molecule generation tasks.
By Maksim Bobrin, Maksim Zhdanov, Dmitry Dylov
The technical report introduces Hyperspectral Image Models, a modular framework that unifies 55 deep‑learning models across six paradigms for hyperspectral remote sensing. It standardizes tensor conventions, evaluation protocols, and dataset handling, integrating 24 benchmark scenes from various sensors and providing tools to avoid train‑test overlap. Experiments across 1,320 model‑scene combinations show that scene difficulty outweighs architecture, with no single paradigm dominating and small models achieving performance comparable to much larger ones.
By Tanishq Rachamalla, Aryan Das, Srishti Kaushik, Swalpa Kumar Roy
DiFF is a generative framework that uses Doppler velocity cues from 4D millimeter-wave radar to improve human motion flow estimation. It combines Doppler-informed motion priors with a Kolmogorov‑Arnold Network (KAN) based conditional flow matching model, featuring a KAN‑attention mechanism for expressive feature extraction. Experiments demonstrate that DiFF achieves state‑of‑the‑art performance, reducing 3D endpoint error to the millimeter scale on the mmBody benchmark.
By Kai Wang, Mingle Zhao
arXiv:2609.39378v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Real-world embodied tasks, from everyday activities to professional procedures, require agents to act under physical constraints while tracking evolvin...
By Shulin Tian, Junsu Kim, Shuai Liu, Hao Li, Yujiao Shen, Sihan Li, Zhe Yang, Yeongon Kim, Feiyu Li, Jialin Wu, Yichi Zhang, Wenhui Wang, Runmao Yao, Yuhao Dong, Zhaoxi Chen, Fangzhou Hong, Antonino Furnari, Jingkang Yang, Hongyuan Zhu, Ziwei Liu
The paper introduces Wavelet Flow Matching, a method for generating multivariate time series by applying flow matching to multilevel discrete wavelet coefficients. By working in the wavelet domain, the model captures coarse-to-fine temporal structure implicitly and uses a channel-token transformer to model cross-channel dependencies. Experiments on seven benchmark datasets and four sequence lengths show that the approach matches or surpasses existing methods, especially in Context-FID and discriminative score metrics.
By Lucas Poinsignon, Jorge da Silva Gon\c{c}alves, Samuel Ruip\'erez-Campillo, Julia E. Vogt
ECHO-G is a framework for generating full‑body co‑speech motion for humanoid robots, jointly conditioned on speech audio and timed transcripts. Its Speech‑Grounded Diffusion Transformer (SGDiT) fuses frame‑aligned acoustic features with token‑level linguistic context, preserving distinct granularities while modeling one‑to‑many utterance‑motion relationships directly in robot space. The authors introduce a BEAT2‑derived audio‑text‑robot dataset, a benchmark for co‑speech characteristics, robot‑motion quality, and runtime efficiency, and demonstrate that direct robot‑space generation outperforms human‑motion generation and retargeting pipelines, with joint audio‑text conditioning yielding superior results in both quantitative evaluation and a video‑rating study.
"whyItMatters":"The study provides a new dataset, benchmark, and a demonstrably effective method for generating realistic co‑speech motion directly in robot space, advancing practical humanoid robot interaction."
By Yizhao Li, Pusen Gao, Ming Wang, Shaojie Shen, Shuo Yang, Hao Xu
OpenCollab is a multi‑agent coding framework that unifies organization design, enforces experimental control on a shared runtime, and tracks execution via fine‑grained event streams. It introduces the metric Adherence to measure whether the declared organization is actually realized, showing that small configuration changes can shift adherence from 47.2% to 97.2%. Experiments demonstrate that a two‑coder workflow built on OpenCollab achieves new state‑of‑the‑art performance against mainstream harnesses while using the fewest tokens, and that a well‑designed organization can outperform strong existing harnesses.
By Chun-Wah Hsu, Kai Gong, Yu Wu, Xianhe Chen, Mengyang Liu, Jie Li, Hanyu Li, Zhixuan Liu, Naisheng Tang, Jiaying Chi, Ziheng Fan, Xuning He, Xiaokang Yang, Xue Jiang, Yihong Dong
The paper proposes a neurosymbolic regularization framework that adds a differentiable prototype‑rule to rank‑constrained tensor neural networks, aiming to improve class geometry under limited supervision. Experiments on four hyperspectral datasets with various Rank‑R settings and spatially separated folds show that training‑time prototype regularization yields the majority of performance gains, while inference fusion of prototype evidence with neural logits has a smaller, dataset‑dependent effect. The method achieves notable Macro‑F1 improvements, especially on the Botswana and Indian Pines benchmarks.
By Eftychios Protopapadakis, Konstantinos Makantasis, Konstantinos M. Giannoutakis
The paper proposes Adaptive Attribute Distribution and Visual Structure Alignment (AAVS), a framework that learns dimension‑adaptive attribute distributions and aligns them with visual prototypes to improve generative zero‑shot learning. By jointly modeling semantic diversity and visual structural consistency, AAVS provides more effective generation conditions for unseen classes. Experiments on three benchmarks show that AAVS outperforms existing generative ZSL methods.
By Haojie Pu, Zhuoming Li, Yongbiao Gao, Hui Liu, Junhui Hou, Yuheng Jia
SYNCR is a synthetic benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal large language models on cross‑video reasoning. It contains 4,000 question‑answer pairs across 4,827 unique videos, covering tasks in temporal alignment, spatial tracking, comparative reasoning, and holistic synthesis. The benchmark reveals a significant performance gap between current models and humans, with models excelling at temporal ordering but struggling with precise physical and spatial reasoning.
By Sara Ghazanfari, Siddharth Garg, Prashanth Krishnamurthy, Farshad Khorrami
The paper introduces AgenticShadow, a new dataset of 17,138 image‑mask‑target triplets created through an offline agentic workflow that combines physics‑motivated generation, failure detection, feedback‑driven retry, candidate selection, and deterministic correction. This approach addresses the long‑standing lack of diverse paired shadow‑free training data by leveraging existing shadow detection datasets and producing realistic shadow‑free targets. Models trained on AgenticShadow show significant improvements, reducing color distribution differences by 50.5% and cross‑domain LAB RMSE by 19.7‑37.5% compared to prior work.
By Shilin Hu, Jingyi Xu, Dimitris Samaras, Hieu Le
arXiv:2609.38480v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Most clinical benchmarks evaluate language models (LMs) on diagnosis using complete case descriptions. In clinical practice, however, patients presen...
By Xueting Fang, Zehui Li, Yang Yang, Camilla Giovino, Shubh K. Patel, Shailly Prajapati, Vallijah Subasri, Caihua Shan
The paper introduces NAQD‑Env, a synthetic benchmark designed to test language agents’ ability to selectively withdraw and resume actions when new evidence, permissions, or stop instructions arise. It evaluates models against a deterministic reference policy across eleven dependency families, measuring policy agreement, task value, withdrawal, resumption, and event reporting. Experiments on 350 scenarios show low withdrawal recall, no valid resumption, and limited policy alignment, highlighting the need to treat selective withdrawal as a distinct reliability component.
By Mohamed Abouzahra
PrivMeSA is a privacy‑aware, self‑evolving multi‑agent system that enables local clinical LLM agents to consult remote specialists while controlling patient data disclosure. It uses reinforcement learning to balance task accuracy with privacy risk, evaluates risk over entire outbound transcripts, and employs a local lesson memory to distill and reuse expertise without further remote exchanges. On an emergency‑department benchmark, PrivMeSA boosts task accuracy by up to 15.8 percentage points and virtually eliminates patient re‑identification risk, reducing personal detail disclosure from 98.0% to 0.2% of cases.
By Dannong Wang, Yuran Zhang, Bian Sun, Alex Stinard, Yuzhang Shang, Song Wang, Yu Tian
The paper introduces a benchmark of over 6,000 clinical triage scenarios, 7,000 physician annotations, and 225,000 large language model (LLM) responses to assess how LLMs perform under realistic variations in clinical text. The study finds that LLMs tend to recommend unnecessary care more often than physicians, especially when the input text is perturbed, and that LLM recommendations are more sensitive to gender and tone changes than human recommendations. These findings underscore the importance of deployment‑oriented evaluations that reflect expert physician behavior.
By Abinitha Gourabathina, Haoran Zhang, Yuexing Hao, Walter Gerych, Marzyeh Ghassemi
The paper introduces decision checkpoints that log observations and tool actions during inference, enabling the assignment of outcome categories to scientific-search agent responses. Using these checkpoints on 540 AutoResearchBench questions, the authors compare keyword search and read-first strategies, finding that keyword search yields 24.6% accuracy while raw search achieves 17.8%. The checkpoint protocol reveals detailed differences in target exposure, inspection attempts, and evidence-search calls that aggregate accuracy alone obscures.
By Hongmin Li, Wanli Zhao
ChartRevise is a new dataset and evaluation protocol designed for exact chart editing via code. It contains 92,438 records covering 344 edit types across 20 chart types and three plotting libraries, built using the grammar of graphics and source‑program checks to ensure applicability. The protocol measures atomic requirement completion, detects gratuitous changes and missed coupled updates, and combines these with execution and rendering success to determine exact‑edit success.
By Jiaxiang Tang, Yi Zhou, Chad DeLuca, Rogerio Feris, Ahmed Khalil Omran, Zhi-Li Zhang, Pengyuan Li, Ali Anwar
The paper investigates whether computation from earlier problems can aid large language models (LLMs) in solving subsequent ones. Preliminary experiments show that retained conversation history can both improve and degrade later-turn accuracy. To address this, the authors propose STAIR, a lightweight module that stores key-value pairs from previous responses and redirects new queries to this bank, improving later-turn accuracy by up to 11.67 percentage points across several benchmarks.
By Jipei He, Wenhui Tan, Xiaoyi Yu, Enver Sangineto, Fiorenzo Parascandolo, Rita Cucchiara, Ruihua Song
RankEvolve is an auto‑research framework that evolves generative ranking models by orchestrating multiple large‑language‑model coding agents through an Executable Operating Protocol (EOP). The system compiles a state machine that enforces phases, gates, branches, and loops, while a meta‑meta‑harness lets agents review and repair each other’s code. In budget‑matched experiments, heterogeneous composition of agents raised execution accuracy from 45.8 % to 62.5 % and reduced silent critical‑defect rates, achieving notable gains on the HSTU recommender and other benchmarks.
By Zheng Chen, Linfeng Liu, Hong Li, Hong Yan