arXiv AI
Sep 25

CATCH: Counterfactual Anatomical Tissue Inpainting with Conditional Haar Diffusion

CATCH is a conditional 3D diffusion model operating in an invertible Haar-wavelet domain designed to inpaint masked regions in T1‑weighted brain MRI with plausible, tumor‑free tissue while preserving observed anatomy. The model’s denoiser uses noisy target coefficients, voided‑image coefficients, and a signed mask, guided by tumor‑excluded wavelet reconstruction and a hole‑focused loss, and hard compositing ensures observed voxels remain unchanged. Experiments on BraTS data show that a weighted mixture of tumor‑derived, irregular‑blob, and ellipsoidal masks yields the best performance, achieving higher SSIM, PSNR, and lower MSE compared to fixed or random augmentation baselines.

By Simon Winther Albertsen, Hjalte Bjoernstrup, Said Djafar Said, Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi
arXiv AI
2d ago

MIRTO: a registration-gated, multiverse-tested evaluation protocol for unsupervised anomaly segmentation in brain MRI

MIRTO is an evaluation protocol for unsupervised anomaly segmentation in brain MRI that explicitly documents key methodological choices—such as registration alignment, threshold setting, and false‑positive budgeting—and measures their impact. It applies a registration check, uses validation data for thresholding, reports realized false‑positive volumes, and repeats each comparison across 15,552 evaluation pipelines with bootstrap intervals. In a study on four UAD methods and 312 BraTS 2020 subjects, MIRTO revealed that an axis‑order mismatch dramatically lowered a diffusion model’s voxel AUROC, and that many performance differences were driven by lesion definition and threshold transfer rather than model quality.

By Negin Kafee Hernashki, Soumick Chatterjee
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 5

Assessment of Conditional Diffusion Model for Synthetic Histopathology Image Generation

arXiv:2608. 03990v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Synthetic histopathology image generation has emerged as an approach that may address data scarcity in computational pathology, yet current evaluation methodologies may not fully assess synthetic data quality for medical applications.

By Seyed Kahaki, Shijie Li, Weijie Chen, Nicholas Petrick