Semi-Supervised Virtual Staining via Morphology Preservation and Histopathological Realism Constraints
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The paper presents a systematic evaluation of six unsupervised image‑to‑image generative models for virtual Sirius Red staining of mouse liver tissue from routine H&E slides. It benchmarks these models across 54 scaling configurations on a newly released paired H&E‑to‑SR dataset, assessing perceptual, distributional, and task‑specific performance, and further trains the best models into deep ensembles to quantify epistemic uncertainty. The study finds that GAN‑based and diffusion‑based methods differ markedly across these metrics, indicating that reliable virtual staining requires reporting and selecting on all three axes simultaneously.
StainPresetNet is a new framework for stain normalization that combines structural preservation with dataset-level color mapping while remaining computationally efficient. It uses pixel-wise normalization guided by preset reference images, allowing multi-directional adaptability without retraining. Experiments on cytopathology and histopathology datasets show that it outperforms conventional methods in color mapping accuracy, improves classifier generalization, and cuts computational overhead by 90% compared to existing deep learning approaches.
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