One-Slide Calibration of Pathology Foundation Models
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The paper introduces SlideRuler, a method that uses internal controls within a pathology slide to estimate and correct scanner‑induced shifts in tissue representation. By learning a transfer map from paired rescans, SlideRuler can calibrate a frozen foundation model from a single scan, reducing embedding distance by 16.3‑38.5% across two encoders and five SCORPION scanners. A source‑anchored variant further reduces source‑feature displacement while preserving most alignment gains, demonstrating consistent calibration across imaging systems.
HERO (Histology Encoder for Robust Representation in Oncology) is a ViT‑G/14 pathology foundation model trained with DINO and iBOT objectives and refined using high‑resolution Gram anchoring on a 500‑million‑tile corpus from about 575,000 clinical whole‑slide images. It demonstrates superior robustness to center, scanner, and stain variation compared to other state‑of‑the‑art foundation models, while maintaining competitive performance on tile‑level classification, segmentation, and gene‑expression prediction. Across 39 slide‑level clinical tasks, HERO ranks first on average and achieves the best average rank across six benchmark frameworks under an equal‑weighted analysis.
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The paper introduces TAP-JEPA, a joint‑embedding predictive architecture trained on over 113,000 CT volumes, which achieves performance comparable to leading encoders in scan‑level classification. It demonstrates a predictability bias: while anatomy is largely predictable from context, pathology is not, leading to significant degradation in pathology detection when predictions are applied. The study audits the model’s predictive pathway, showing that pathology representations shift toward control regions and that removing pathology tokens minimally affects downstream decisions, underscoring that contextual predictability alone is insufficient for clinical relevance.
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