arXiv:2606. 10713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The nnU-Net has demonstrated continuous success in medical segmentation tasks, which heavily rely on the availability and diversity of annotated biomedical data.
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arXiv:2602.20773v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Purpose: Developing generalizable medical image segmentation models is challenging because imaging data are distributed across institutions and dif...
nnFoundation introduces complementary convolutional and transformer-based 3D foundation models for radiology, trained on 2.1 million CT, MRI, and PET volumes from 125 datasets. The models are evaluated on 108 tasks—including segmentation, detection, classification, report generation, and image retrieval—under domain shift, low-data, and low-compute scenarios, consistently outperforming prior 3D foundation models and training from scratch. Performance varies by task type, with convolutional models excelling at spatially localized tasks and transformer models at global semantic reasoning, and dynamic alignment with dataset characteristics further enhances transferability.
The paper introduces Segment Anything Small (SAS), a data‑augmentation method that improves deep‑learning segmentation of small anatomical structures in ultrasound images. SAS uses two transformations: resizing and embedding organ thumbnails into a black background to vary organ scale, and adding noise to regions of interest to mimic tissue texture variability. Experiments on one internal and five external datasets show Dice score gains up to 0.35, with an average improvement of 0.16, and demonstrate that SAS enhances model robustness and generalizability without adding hallucinations or artifacts.
The paper presents a modality‑routed 3D cardiac segmentation pipeline that combines TotalSegmentator‑initialized nnU‑Netv2 models with site‑characterized, label‑preserving appearance augmentation. By analyzing measurable image properties across sites, the authors design a bias‑field plus Bezier augmentation strategy that smooths spatial intensity perturbations and remaps intensities nonlinearly, followed by class‑wise largest‑connected‑component cleanup. On held‑out validation splits, this approach raises CT mean Dice from 0.8350 to 0.9135 and MRI mean Dice from 0.7695 to 0.7830 while reducing HD95, demonstrating improved cross‑site robustness in limited‑data whole‑heart segmentation.
The paper introduces the Real‑Calibrated Synthetic‑First Data Engine, a modular pipeline that integrates controllable diffusion‑based synthetic image generation with multi‑stage curation, filtering, and optional uncertainty‑driven selection and human verification. Designed as a CLI‑based framework, it allows independent configuration of generation, filtering, selection, and validation modules to enhance reproducibility and flexibility in real‑world data workflows. Empirical tests on human pose estimation demonstrate that synthetic data can boost a real‑data baseline when used as low‑cost augmentation, though synthetic‑only training still lags behind real‑only performance, underscoring the importance of data‑centric orchestration in low‑data regimes.
Whole-heart segmentation from CT and MRI is essential for quantitative cardiac image analysis, but remains challenging under multi-center and multi-modality distribution shift. In the CARE whole-heart...