The paper proposes a Recursive Autonomous Agent (RAA) framework for intelligent manufacturing, combining goal-driven autonomous agents with a recursive organizational structure. It identifies individual autonomy and collective coordination as coupled mechanisms that enable local decision-making and alignment with shared goals. The framework uses goal and capability contracts to define local objectives and facilitate the composition of production units, allowing coordinated groups to function as units within larger organizations.
By Yuning Chen, Hongda Zhang, Linqiang Hu, Ziqing Zhou, Yi Liu, Zhao Huang, Ding Zhou, Haining Xu
The article reviews how large language models (LLMs) enable industrial agents to move beyond predefined workflows toward autonomous planning and execution in smart manufacturing. It identifies five key challenges, defines the concept and core characteristics of industrial agents, and presents a unified taxonomy covering application scenarios, embodiment forms, and capability levels. The authors propose a four‑layer system architecture with core modules for closed‑loop task execution, review representative applications across the industrial lifecycle, and outline future research directions.
By Lei Ren, Haiteng Wang, Shixiang Li, Jing Zhang, Yuqing Wang, Jingwei Guo, Yunfei Zhu, Yuanjun Laili, Yang Tang, Lihui Wang
arXiv:2609.16075v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Flexible robotic production requires joint decisions on process progression, material routing, resource assignment, temporary cooperation, and simult...
By Fouad Bahrpeyma, David Heik, Dirk Reichelt
The paper introduces Automated Multi-Agent Organization Design (AMOD), a framework that treats the organization of agents as a design object and uses an execution-driven loop to iteratively refine responsibilities and coordination rules. AMOD assigns functional responsibilities to agent teams, evaluates outcomes and interaction traces, and revises the organization to address missing, duplicated, or ineffective roles. The approach also proposes testing responsibilities by removal or replacement to validate their necessity.
By Shao-Jun Xia, Yuner Zhang, Huixin Zhang, Di Wang, Yifan Jiang, Liangxi Liu
arXiv:2608. 07148v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern manufacturing imposes six coupled demands on adaptive control: local decisions with global consequences, partial observability, nonstationarity, reflex speed response with long horizon effects, delayed and diffuse outcomes, and dynamics that resist explicit modeling.
By Fouad Bahrpeyma, Dirk Reichelt
arXiv:2606. 12835v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid emergence of autonomous AI agents is transforming artificial intelligence from isolated model inference into distributed systems of reasoning, communication, and action.
By Quanyan Zhu