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Bandwidth Selection in Kernel Density Estimation for Model Calibration

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As deep learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes applications, providing well-calibrated uncertainty estimates has become as critical as achieving high predictive accuracy. While Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) has emerged as a smooth and continuous alternative to traditional binning for quantifying miscalibration, its reliability is heavily dependent on the choice of the kernel bandwidth.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 27

Sample Margin-Aware Recalibration of Temperature Scaling

The paper introduces SMART, a lightweight recalibration technique that adjusts logits based on the margin between the top two logits, called the logit gap. It uses a soft-binned Expected Calibration Error objective to balance bias and variance, enabling stable updates even with limited calibration data. Experiments across various datasets and architectures show SMART achieves state‑of‑the‑art calibration with fewer parameters than existing methods.

By Haolan Guo, Linwei Tao, Haoyang Luo, Minjing Dong, Chang Xu