arXiv:2509. 03206v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Learning from reward functions and imitation learning of demonstrations are the two principal approaches for training autonomous systems that interact with an environment through action and observation.
The paper introduces a co‑evolving framework where a target agent improves by learning from its own failures, and a separate failure agent is trained to generate hard negative trajectories. These hard negatives, derived from plausible but incorrect attempts, help the target agent better distinguish successful behavior from subtle errors. Experiments on online shopping, scientific reasoning, and interactive SQL querying show a 5.7% average reward improvement over baseline methods.
arXiv:2609.35897v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The pursuit of recursive self-improvement (RSI) toward general intelligence is divided between macro-level language model scaling and the interaction-d...
arXiv:2609.17325v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Biological cells can be viewed as individual, interacting agents whose collective dynamics give rise to adaptive behaviour at multiple levels of organi...
arXiv:2607. 21971v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Test-time scaling through iterative self-evolution with environment feedback, as demonstrated by AlphaEvolve, shows remarkable performance gains.
SPADE (Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environments) is a reinforcement‑learning framework where a single large language model acts as both an Environment Designer—creating executable, long‑horizon training environments—and a Reasoning Agent—learning to act within those environments. The framework uses a regret signal based on the difference between rewarded performance with and without privileged hints to guide the Designer toward environments that are challenging yet solvable. Experiments show that, when scaled to 30‑billion‑parameter models, SPADE outperforms fixed‑environment baselines by significant margins across math, science, code, and reasoning benchmarks, and improves tool‑use performance on BFCL‑v4 and ACEBench‑Agent. whyItMatters":"By making environment design a learnable component, SPADE enables continuous self‑improvement and demonstrates that adaptive, self‑generated training environments can substantially boost language‑model performance across diverse tasks."
arXiv:2606. 07367v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful controllers for interactive agents in complex environments, yet training them to perform reliable long-horizon decision making remains a fundamental challenge.
The paper introduces Feedback‑Enriched Environments (FEEs) as a new approach to training large language models as autonomous agents for long‑horizon tasks. By shifting from action guidance to observation enrichment during later stages of exploration, FEEs improve performance across SciWorld and BFCL benchmarks with various Qwen3 model scales and RL algorithms. The study shows that FEEs stabilize training, promote proactive exploration, embed environmental guidance into policy weights, and highlight intra‑group feedback consistency as key for stable optimization.
arXiv:2608. 02508v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning-based memory systems for self-evolving LLM agents face two tightly coupled challenges.
arXiv:2607. 08647v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As autonomous agents are increasingly deployed across diverse operational contexts, aligning their behavior with human intent demands reward functions that remain robust to such changes rather than overfitting to any single environment.
arXiv:2510.15047v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents often fail to improve in new environments. We identify and characterize a failure mode we call explora...
arXiv:2609.38334v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents for multi-step decision-making, yet transfer poorly to unseen environments. World-mode...