The paper introduces KAINN, a hybrid neural‑mechanistic model that augments the Agriculture‑informed Neural Network with domain knowledge on fertilizer diffusion, soil respiration, and water‑filled porosity to predict nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture. Experiments across CNN, LSTM, and Transformer architectures show that KAINN achieves lower root mean square error, lower mean absolute error, and higher R-squared values compared to purely data‑driven models and the original AINN. The learned interfaces exhibit smoother, more physically consistent parameter trajectories with reduced uncertainty.
arXiv:2607. 10208v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate meteorological forecasting is essential for agricultural planning, irrigation management, and environmental decision support.
arXiv:2509. 06625v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Plants in their natural habitats endure an array of interacting stresses, both biotic and abiotic, that rarely occur in isolation.
arXiv:2607. 23880v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) is the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century, and the third largest contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gases due to its high potency and long atmospheric lifetime, with more than 70% of N$_2$O emissions occurring as a result of agricultural processes.
The study evaluates crop‑yield forecasting methods for the 2012 Midwestern US drought, comparing non‑deep learning machine learning models with a deep learning model (VITA) using 16 meteorological predictors. It highlights challenges such as distributional dissimilarity between training and test data, spatial and temporal sparsity, and demonstrates that sample weighting and feature selection improve non‑deep learning models but not VITA. The work contrasts deep versus non‑deep learning approaches and shows how modifications can mitigate issues arising from extreme drought conditions.
TinyCNN is a lightweight convolutional neural network with only 193,190 trainable parameters designed for on‑device plant disease classification. It achieves 98.88% test accuracy on the 38‑class PlantVillage benchmark, outperforming larger models while consuming far less energy, memory, and cost. The study also explores knowledge distillation to further compress the model and evaluates cross‑dataset robustness, finding a significant performance drop when moving from PlantVillage to PlantDoc due to background‑driven shortcut learning.
arXiv:2609.13919v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This chapter explores how machine learning (ML) is transforming aquaculture, with a particular focus on enhancing decision-making processes and improvi...
arXiv:2606. 14686v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Globally, cotton is a highly economically beneficial crop, as the textile industry heavily depends on it.
arXiv:2606. 18316v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Soil Moisture (SM) modelling constitutes a complex spatiotemporal learning problem characterised by nonlinear environmental interactions, heterogeneous data sources, and limited ground observations.
The paper introduces a Physics Informed Recurrent Neural Network (PIRNN) that simultaneously predicts target time series and unobservable intermediate physical variables, enhancing robustness and interpretability. It adapts to any physical model with multiple equations and variables, demonstrated on groundwater level predictions using the Gardenia model. Experiments on twelve real‑world datasets show PIRNN outperforming several neural network baselines and the Gardenia model, with an ablation study confirming the value of physical knowledge.
arXiv:2608. 09998v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have become powerful tools for supporting and automating complex human tasks.
Accurate yield forecasting at the individual-plant level is critical for precision agriculture and supply-chain planning, yet public datasets capturing both visual growth dynamics and per-plant measurement labels are scarce. In this paper, we introduce a novel, annotated image time-series dataset of 691 sweet pepper plants monitored over two growing seasons, comprising 4837 images with per-plant fruit counts categorized by maturity.
The paper introduces the Mass‑Conserving Perceptron (MCP), a physics‑aware AI framework that enforces conservation laws while learning hydrological process relationships from data. By progressively adding physically meaningful components—such as bounded soil storage, state‑dependent conductivity, variable porosity, infiltration capacity, surface ponding, vertical drainage, and nonlinear water‑table dynamics—to a single MCP storage unit, the authors demonstrate that predictive skill for daily streamflow improves across 15 U.S. catchments. The study finds that the impact of each process representation varies with hydroclimate, with vertical drainage boosting performance in arid and snow‑dominated basins but hindering it in rainfall‑dominated ones, while surface ponding has minimal effect; the best MCP configurations rival LSTM benchmarks while retaining explicit physical interpretability.