The paper introduces System 1 models—fast, single‑pass decision engines that map inputs directly to structured outputs, addressing the latency, cost, and calibration issues of large language models. It presents a five‑family taxonomy (encoder‑based classifiers, reward models, non‑autoregressive engines, contrastive models, and extraction models) and discusses training, deployment trade‑offs, and calibration theory, including proper scoring rules and RLCD. The guide also covers integration into agentic workflows, System 1+System 2 cascades, 18 application domains, an open‑source ecosystem, and practical resources such as code, a model zoo, and assessment questions.
By Haggai Roitman
arXiv:2605.24981v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Choosing a Large Language Model (LLM) for a given task requires comparing many strong candidates, yet standard evaluation relies on costly annotati...
By Yavuz Durmazkeser, Patrik Okanovic, Andreas Kirsch, Torsten Hoefler, Nezihe Merve G\"urel
Code Comprehensor is a hybrid retrieval‑reasoning framework designed to aid understanding of large codebases. It combines a code dependency callgraph, CodeScribe—which generates hierarchical documentation using code‑aware LLMs—and CodeContrast, a CLIP‑style dual‑encoder that learns aligned text‑code embeddings for fast, semantically precise retrieval. Experiments on OpenCV and a 5M‑LOC proprietary repository show that CodeScribe‑derived supervision improves cross‑modal retrieval accuracy, and LLM‑based evaluation reports over 90% faithfulness.
By Sujoy Roychowdhury, Joseph H. R. Isaac, Jiangning Gao, Martin Klitte, Diarmuid Corcoran
arXiv:2607. 26072v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-term memory is becoming a core capability of LLM-based agents, but existing evaluations largely test conversational recall in open-domain or persona-grounded settings.
By Changyu Du, Alexander Vosseler, Filippo Mazza, Andr\'e Borrmann
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly support complex professional tasks, yet their capabilities in rule-intensive document review remain insufficiently evaluated. National standard documents, such as China GB/T standards, offer a representative testbed: they are lengthy, highly structured, and governed by explicit rules for scope, terminology, normative wording, and cross-section consistency.
Toollery is a training‑free framework that compresses candidate lists for large language model agents, enabling efficient selection from thousands of skills and tools. It generates user‑intent queries from each skill or tool specification, builds a retrieval index, and limits online selection to a compact top‑k set before the LLM makes its final decision. Evaluations on the SkillRouter benchmark, BFCL‑V4, and a proprietary smart‑cockpit dataset show that Toollery improves recall and end‑to‑end selection while keeping selection costs bounded.
By Xiangxi Tian, Ran Guan
arXiv:2606. 12451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models deployed as agents over large tool catalogs face a critical tool-retrieval bottleneck.
By Ashutosh Hathidara, Sai Shruthi Sistla, Sebastian Schreiber, Sahil Bansal
arXiv:2607. 14989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly evolving from text generators into general agents capable of understanding user requests, invoking external tools, and completing complex tasks through interaction.
By Chengyu Shen, Yujie Fu, Gangtao Xin, Yanheng Hou, Wenlong Fei, Guojie Zhu, Jiawei Li, Hongcheng Gao, Runming He, Zhen Hao Wong, Meiyi Qiang, Hao Liang, Zhao Cao, Hao Jiang, Chong Chen, Wentao Zhang
arXiv:2606. 09852v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: High-quality source code documentation is vital yet often neglected, especially in critical domains like healthcare where reliability and maintainability are essential.
By Ikbel Ghrab, Mohamed Dhieb, Ismail Khenissi, Ines Abdeljaoued-Tej
arXiv:2610.16127v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) domain, yet their reliability in regu...
By Le Qiu, Zhuan Anne Zhang, Hok Ming Adeline Chan, Emmanuele Chersoni
The paper introduces Chinese Decision, a family of Chinese-language models designed for single-pass probabilistic decision-making. The models generate logits for candidate choices in one forward pass and normalize them without autoregressive generation, supporting Boolean, categorical, and ordinal decisions. A 0.8B model trained on 13.048 million decisions achieves 72.24% general-domain accuracy and 76.98% average accuracy across medicine, law, and finance, while a 2B model shows comparable performance after partial training.
By Qiang Yan (Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
arXiv:2607. 17063v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led practitioners to increasingly rely on them for answering questions about hardware description languages (HDLs).
By Ziteng Hu, Jiachi Chen, Wenhao Lv, Huan Zhang, Yingjie Xia