arXiv AI

Disease Burden over Skin Tone: Decomposing the Dermatology-AI Generalization Gap

The study examines why dermatology AI models, largely trained on light‑skinned, cancer‑focused images, perform poorly when applied to diverse patient populations. By comparing a cancer‑trained baseline, two dermatology foundation models, and a general‑purpose vision model on tone‑stratified and disease‑shifted datasets, the authors find that disease‑distribution shift, rather than skin‑tone underrepresentation, is the primary cause of generalization failure. Representation analysis shows that cancer‑specialized features lack transferable structure, while dermatology‑pretrained features maintain stronger clustering, and lightweight adaptation with about ten labeled examples per category can recover most performance.

Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jul 14

Controllable Generation of Diverse Dermatological Imagery for Fair and Efficient Malignancy Classification

Accurate dermatological diagnosis naturally necessitates equitable performance across diverse populations, yet a systematic lack of expertly annotated images, especially for underrepresented skin tones and rare diseases, impedes progress toward measurably fair methods. We introduce cgDDI (Controllable Generation of Diverse Dermatological Imagery), a hybrid framework that (1) synthesizes realistic healthy skin samples without disturbing other input properties, (2) maps single-sample rare lesions onto novel skin-tones and locations non-parametrically, and (3) allows for efficient parametric generation with as few as 10 training samples.

arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 20

MIFR: A Modality-Invariant and Fair Representation Framework for Skin Disease Classification

The paper introduces MIFR, a modality‑invariant and fair representation framework for skin disease classification that jointly processes clinical photographs and dermoscopic images using ViT‑based encoders. It employs a five‑component multi‑objective loss to balance classification accuracy, fairness across skin tones, class alignment, and modality invariance. Experiments on paired and external datasets demonstrate competitive predictive performance and fairness, with t‑SNE visualizations confirming alignment of embeddings from different modalities.

By Asonyu Senge Njih, Yvan Guifo Fodjo, Vianney Kengne Tchendji, Jerry Lacmou Zeutouo, Kerol Djoumessi
arXiv Computer Vision
Sep 11

A Comparative Evaluation of Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks for Melanoma Detection

The study compares five pre‑trained convolutional neural networks—ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionV3—for melanoma detection using dermatoscopic and histopathological image datasets. Accuracy varied across models and modalities, with ResNet50 achieving the highest scores (84% on HAM10000 and 83% on CR‑AI4SkIN) and InceptionV3 the lowest (71% on ISIC 2018). The results show that a model’s performance on dermatoscopic images does not necessarily predict its performance on histopathological images.

By Wagner Moreno Schmitz, Marco Antonio de Castro Barbosa, Thiago Magalh\~aes Amaral, Dalcimar Casanova, Jefferson Tales Oliva
arXiv AI
Jun 3

Effect of Demographic Bias on Skin Lesion Classification

arXiv:2606. 03214v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this study, we evaluate the performance of skin lesion classification using ResNet-based convolutional models, focusing on the impact of demographic bias in training data, particularly variations in patient sex and age.

By Ralf Raumanns, Gerard Schouten, Veronika Cheplygina, Josien P. W. Pluim
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Aug 11

Uncertainty-Aware and Explainable Ensemble Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Class Skin Lesion Classification

Skin cancer diagnosis from dermoscopic images remains challenging due to high intra-class variability, inter-class similarity, class imbalance, and the limited interpretability of deep learning models. This paper proposes an uncertainty-aware and explainable deep learning framework for multi-class skin lesion classification.