The paper evaluates how Large Language Models generate preference distributions for air travel, restaurants, and consumer products. It finds that while each model produces self-coherent outcomes that stabilize quickly, there is significant disagreement across different model families and scales, with little consensus even on the most probable preferences. These discrepancies persist across various decoding strategies, temperature settings, and prompt variations, indicating that the model choice itself has a larger impact than prompt wording.
By Fan Huang, Minsuk Kim, C. Tyler Diggans, Filippo Radicchi
The paper investigates how persona prompting—using short textual descriptions of individuals—to align large language models (LLMs) with human survey responses. It examines the impact of selecting different persona attributes and finds that not all attribute combinations improve performance, suggesting that the variation in human responses to survey questions may explain mixed results. The study evaluates multiple attribute selection methods across four social surveys, two countries, six LLMs, and twenty prediction tasks, offering guidance on when persona prompting is beneficial and which attribute choices are most effective.
By Leon Fr\"ohling, Jens Rupprecht, Markus Strohmaier, Claudia Wagner
The paper introduces Population Fidelity, an evaluation framework for assessing how well large language models (LLMs) represent human population attitudes. It focuses on three dimensions: group-level accuracy, between-group variation, and the structure of that variation. Using the framework, the authors replicate a prior study on machine bias and test cultural fine-tuning, finding that while fine-tuning improves overall alignment, it does not enhance representation of within-population differences.
By Neemias B. da Silva, Martin Lukk, Ali Sutani, Abhishek Moturu, Harris Yang, Daniel Silver, Matt Ratto, Thiago H. Silva
arXiv:2509. 02910v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly act on people's behalf: they write emails, buy groceries, and book restaurants.
By Sandra C. Matz, Kimberly Klugescheid, C. Blaine Horton, Sofie Goethals
arXiv:2508. 15030v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose COLLAB-REC, a multi-agent framework designed to counteract popularity bias and improve diversity in tourism recommendations.
By Ashmi Banerjee, Adithi Satish, Fitri Nur Aisyah, Wolfgang W\"orndl, Yashar Deldjoo
arXiv:2607. 26348v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as synthetic users, stand-ins for human respondents whose simulated answers feed product, policy, and market decisions.
By Zihan Chen, Di Zhu, Lei Nico Zheng
PACIFIC is a framework that aligns large language model responses with user preferences by leveraging stable Big‑Five personality traits as a latent signal. The authors built a 1,200‑pair dataset covering diverse domains and trait directions, and found that trait‑aligned contexts enable LLMs to achieve near‑ceiling accuracy (up to 99%) in personalized QA. They also introduced a persona‑aware contrastive retriever (PiRAG) that improves label‑free accuracy from 30% to 43% over standard semantic retrieval, highlighting retrieval as the main bottleneck.
By Tianyu Zhao, Siqi Li, Yasser Shoukry, Salma Elmalaki
Human choice behavior, including route choice, exhibits systematic behavioral biases that deviate from the assumptions of full rationality. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) has been widely recognized as an effective framework for characterizing such behavioral patterns.
arXiv:2509.09710v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: This study introduces a Large Language Model (LLM) scheme for generating key attributes of travel diaries in agent-based transportation model...
By Sepehr Golrokh Amin, Devin Rhoads, Fatemeh Fakhrmoosavi, Nicholas E. Lownes, John N. Ivan
arXiv:2607. 05554v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Survey-style evaluations of large language models often treat a prompted response as a measure of a model's values or beliefs.
By Sadia Kamal, Arefa Patwary, Anthony Marchiafava, Atriya Sen, Sagnik Ray Choudhury
The paper demonstrates that fine‑tuning large language models (LLMs) on local tourist trajectory data can predict visitor movements under varying conditions. Using 566 trajectories from Wakayama Castle Park, Japan, the authors fine‑tuned Llama‑3.1‑8B, achieving 49.1% accuracy for next point‑of‑interest predictions and maintaining strong performance even on undersampled scenarios such as rainy days. This shows that LLMs can serve as high‑fidelity, context‑aware behavior models for tourist prediction and enable counterfactual analysis of mobility interventions.
By Tatsuya Amano, Hirozumi Yamaguchi
arXiv:2607. 10825v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Opinionated text - spanning product reviews, hotel feedback, and social posts - captures rich signals about user experiences, preferences, and concerns.
By Fabrizio Marozzo, Stefano Iannicelli