arXiv AI

A Step Harder, Not a Step Too Far: The Benefits and Limits of Curriculum Difficulty Progression in GRPO

The paper investigates how curriculum difficulty progression affects training in Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). It finds that continually selecting medium‑difficulty samples is not optimal; a staged curriculum that gradually shifts toward harder samples improves performance, reaching a peak accuracy of 0.6591. However, progressing too far to very hard samples degrades accuracy, indicating a non‑monotonic benefit of difficulty progression.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 31

Kalman Meets Curriculum: Efficient Dynamic Prompt Selection for Adaptive RL Finetuning

arXiv:2607. 27610v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet its effectiveness critically depends on selecting prompts of appropriate difficulty for the current policy.

By Haodong Zhu, Yangyang Ren, Yanjing Li, Sheng Xu, Haiguang Liu, Linlin Yang, Baochang Zhang
arXiv AI
Jun 17

Confusion-Aware Transfer Teacher Curriculum Learning Framework: Disentangling Scoring and Pacing Effects

arXiv:2606. 17706v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Curriculum learning couples two design choices, how samples are scored by difficulty and how harder samples are paced into training, making it difficult to attribute observed gains to either component.

By Savini Kommalage, Sanka Mohottala, Asiri Gawesha, Dulara Madhusanka, Menan Velayuthan, Dharshana Kasthurirathna, Mahima Milinda Alwis Weerasinghe, Charith Abhayaratne
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 9

The Easy, the Hard, and the Learnable: Confidence and Difficulty-Adaptive Policy Optimization for LLM Reasoning

arXiv:2606. 07950v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: RL with verifiable rewards can substantially improve LLM reasoning, yet standard GRPO-style training often treats easy, hard, and learnable questions alike through uniform sampling and weighting, leading to inefficient compute allocation.

By Zhanke Zhou, Xiangyu Lu, Chentao Cao, Brando Miranda, Tongliang Liu, Bo Han, Sanmi Koyejo
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 19

Study-Strategy Clusters from EdNet Logs Track Engagement, Not Mastery

The study clusters 5,000 EdNet-KT3 learners into eight study‑strategy groups based on early‑session behaviors such as resource use, revision, video watching, and problem practice. These clusters predict later engagement metrics—like continued practice and session completion—but do not reliably forecast later unassisted accuracy or mastery. The findings suggest that behavioral clustering captures learning styles and engagement patterns rather than knowledge gains.

By Qingchuan Lyu, Yingxin Li, Albert Yang
arXiv AI
Aug 21

Learning When to Think: Adaptive Reasoning for Test-Time Compute Allocation

arXiv:2608. 20256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reasoning language models trained with reinforcement learning typically operate under a fixed token budget rather than an explicitly adaptive one, which can lead to over-computation on easy problems and insufficient computation on difficult ones.

By Gijs Kassenaar, Zhao Yang, Vincent Fran\c{c}ois-Lavet
arXiv Machine Learning
3d ago

Your Benchmark Is an Empirical Measure Over Difficulty

The paper argues that a benchmark is more than a set of test questions; it defines an empirical distribution over difficulty. It identifies two failure modes—measure mismatch, where the benchmark’s difficulty distribution diverges from the intended one, and coverage gaps, where parts of the difficulty spectrum are missing. The authors propose diagnostic metrics with theoretical guarantees, analyze 25 benchmarks across seven domains, and introduce BenchFill, an algorithm that rewrites items to fill coverage gaps.

By Yifan Sun, Naicheng Yu, Jiawen Gong, Jingyan Shen, Huan Zhang