LLM agents learn by interacting with environments, yet these environments are hand-built and static: blind to an agent's weaknesses, and quickly left behind as it improves. While recent environment generation methods attempt to address this, they require domain-specific pipelines, rely on expensive or unreliable verifiers, and still produce static environments.
arXiv:2607. 01084v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate proficiency in static benchmarks, their deployment in real-world scenarios is hindered by the dynamic nature of user queries, tool sets, and interaction dynamics.
By Song-Lin Lv, Weiming Wu, Rui Zhu, Zi-Jian Cheng, Lan-Zhe Guo
SPADE (Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environments) is a reinforcement‑learning framework where a single large language model acts as both an Environment Designer—creating executable, long‑horizon training environments—and a Reasoning Agent—learning to act within those environments. The framework uses a regret signal based on the difference between rewarded performance with and without privileged hints to guide the Designer toward environments that are challenging yet solvable. Experiments show that, when scaled to 30‑billion‑parameter models, SPADE outperforms fixed‑environment baselines by significant margins across math, science, code, and reasoning benchmarks, and improves tool‑use performance on BFCL‑v4 and ACEBench‑Agent.
whyItMatters":"By making environment design a learnable component, SPADE enables continuous self‑improvement and demonstrates that adaptive, self‑generated training environments can substantially boost language‑model performance across diverse tasks."
By Bo Liu, Simon Yu, Yiding Jiang, Ao Qu, Andrew Zhao, Zichen Liu, Junsu Kim, Zijian Zhou, Seungone Kim, Tongzheng Ren, Mickel Liu, Hanfei Yu, Zhaorun Chen, Weiyan Shi, Paul Pu Liang, Luke Zettlemoyer, Yejin Choi, Natasha Jaques
arXiv:2605. 27898v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, reliable assessment of their agentic capabilities has become essential.
By Pengyu Zhu, Lijun Li, Yaxing Lyu, Qianxin Luo, Jingyi Yang, Yi Liu, Tingfeng Hui, Xinyu Yuan, Li Sun, Sen Su, Jing Shao
arXiv:2606. 17546v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-evolving LLM-based agents improve mainly by changing their agent harness: the structured execution layer around a base model, including prompts, memory, tools, middleware, runtime state, and the model-tool interaction loop.
By Congjie Zheng, Chuanyi Xue, Bin Liang, Jun Yang, Changshui Zhang
arXiv:2607. 14159v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: An agent harness is the external control layer that turns a base LLM into an executable agent by managing context, tools, orchestration, memory, decoding, and output handling.
By Yue Huang, Wenjie Wang, Han Bao, Yuchen Ma, Xiaonan Luo, Yi Nian, Haomin Zhuang, Zheyuan Liu, Yue Zhao, Xiangliang Zhang
arXiv:2607. 13705v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, the need for unified evaluation infrastructure becomes critical.
By Zichen Ding, Jiaye Ge, Shufan Jiang, Kai Chen, Mo Li, Qingqiu Li, Zehao Li, Zonglin Li, Tiaohao Liang, Shudong Liu, Zerun Ma, Zixing Shang, Wenhui Tian, Zun Wang, Liwei Wu, Zhenyu Wu, Jun Xu, Bowen Yang, Dingbo Yuan, Qi Zhang, Songyang Zhang, Peiheng Zhou, Dongsheng Zhu
arXiv:2604. 18543v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Constructing environments for training and evaluating claw-like agents remains a manual, human-intensive process that does not scale.
By Xirui Li, Ming Li, Ion Stoica, Cho-Jui Hsieh, Tianyi Zhou
arXiv:2608. 04934v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Training LLM agents commonly relies on supervised fine-tuning from expert trajectories or online reinforcement learning over human-specified tasks with handcrafted verifiers.
By Xuanyu Lei, Yiqi Zhu, Chenliang Li, Kaiming Liu, Peng Li, Ming Yan, Jieping Ye, Ya-Qin Zhang, Yang Liu
arXiv:2608. 17528v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern agents operate inside agent harnesses that manage tools, context, and control flow, making the harness a critical part of the agent system.
By Zhiyuan He, Siwei Zhang, Zhiwen Zhou, Yuqing Yang, Yu Kang, Yuge Zhang, Luna K. Qiu, Tin Yan Tsui, Jiahang Xu, Chong Luo
arXiv:2606. 14249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agent performance depends critically on the runtime harness, comprising the prompts, tools, memory, and control flow that mediate how a model observes, reasons, and acts.
By Tingyang Chen, Shuo Lu, Kang Zhao, Weicheng Meng, Hanlin Teng, Tianhao Li, Chao Li, Xule Liu, Jian Liang, Zhizhong Zhang, Yuan Xie, Heng Qu, Kun Shao, Jian Luan
arXiv:2608. 03403v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The performance bottleneck of agents is increasingly shifting from model capability to the robustness of their execution processes.
By Can Wang, Haoran Chen, Li Yu, Ding Hao, Bohai Zhao, Zhaoyang Liu, Zhiying Tu