The paper introduces the Core Sentiment Inventory (CSI), a new personality trait evaluation tool for large language models (LLMs) that addresses reliability and validity issues found in existing methods like the Big Five Inventory (BFI). CSI is designed specifically for LLMs, supports both English and Chinese, and provides detailed psychological portraits of model behavior. Experiments show that CSI captures nuanced behavioral patterns, improves reliability, and correlates strongly (above 0.85) with real-world LLM outputs.
By Huanhuan Ma, Haisong Gong, Xiaoyuan Yi, Xing Xie, Philip S. Yu, Dongkuan Xu
arXiv:2510. 22170v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Persona conditioning is widely used to steer large language model (LLM) behavior, but it is unclear whether it induces stable behavioral structure or superficial variation.
By Alexandra Yost, Shreyans Jain, Shivam Raval, Grant Corser, Allen Roush, Nina Xu, Jacqueline Hammack, Ravid Shwartz-Ziv, Amirali Abdullah
arXiv:2606. 20205v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Psychological instruments designed for humans are increasingly used to assign large language models (LLMs) stable psychological profiles that affect their usability, safety assessment, and use as proxies for human participants in research.
By Jelena Meyer, David Garcia, Dirk U. Wulff
arXiv:2402.14879v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: To enhance immersion and engagement in video games, the design of Affective Non-Player Characters (ANPCs) is a key focus for researchers and...
By Lawrence J. Klinkert, Stephanie Buongiorno, Corey Clark
arXiv:2508. 19008v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Building on a human-led thematic analysis of clinical life-story interviews (> 150,000 words) with inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder, this study examines the capacity of large language models (OpenAI's GPT, Google's Gemini, and Anthropic's Claude) to support qualitative clinical analysis.
By Marcin Moskalewicz, Anna Sterna, Karolina Dro\.zd\.z, Kacper Dudzic, Marek Pokropski, Paula Flores
arXiv:2608.22425v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Large language models are increasingly consulted at moments of distress, yet single-turn benchmarks neither test sustained exchanges nor distinguish...
By Pablo A. Fonseca, Raquel Rodr\'iguez-Carvajal, Rafael A. Calvo
arXiv:2606. 09843v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) give stable answers to personality questionnaires, yet these self-reports fail to predict how the models behave.
By Juan Manuel Contreras
arXiv:2607. 26853v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Human personality theories characterize traits not as isolated attributes captured by a single score, but as stable individual tendencies expressed through the interplay among persons, situations, and behaviors.
By Ruikang Zhang, Shuo Wang, Qi Su
arXiv:2507. 04491v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being integrated into psychological and behavioral research as research tools, evaluation targets, human simulators, and cognitive models.
By Zhicheng Lin
arXiv:2608.22417v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support text analysis in qualitative research, yet evidence on their performance in inductive con...
By Leonardo Bergmann, Renata Gheorghiu, Ana Gvritishvili, Alex Mican, Chris Stewart, Topias Tolonen-Weckstr\"om
arXiv:2607. 07916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models exhibit recurring behavioural patterns -- personas -- that shape generalisation and safety, but we lack reliable tools for decomposing, measuring, and controlling them.
By Luke Baines, Anton Gonzalvez Hawthorne, Mariia Koroliuk, Irakli Shalibashvili, Cl\'ement Dumas, Konstantinos Voudouris, David Demitri Africa
arXiv:2608. 10385v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as relevance assessors in information retrieval (IR) evaluation, raising questions about how assessor framing affects judgment reliability and downstream system comparison.
By Samaneh Mohtadi, Pietro Bernardelle, Joel Mackenzie, Gianluca Demartini