arXiv Computer Vision

Characterizing Text Branch Sensitivity in Medical Vision-Language Segmentation via Evidence Decoupling

The paper investigates how much clinical text influences pixel‑level predictions in multimodal medical image segmentation. It shows that segmentation performance is largely insensitive to the choice of fusion module, but that the impact of text varies across datasets: removing text severely degrades performance on BUSI and BTMRI, while it has only a marginal effect on ISIC and Kvasir‑SEG. Using an Evidence Decoupling Decoder, the authors reveal that text mainly modulates global semantic context rather than spatial localization, and that the specific semantic components driving sensitivity differ by dataset.

arXiv Computer Vision
Aug 25

Localization-Infused Vision-Language Semantic Fusion for Text-Guided Medical Image Segmentation

The paper introduces LoG, a localization‑infused vision‑language fusion framework for text‑guided medical image segmentation. LoG jointly performs multi‑scale target localization to explicitly capture target‑oriented semantics and employs three levels of localization‑infused fusion—feature, attention, and loss—to integrate spatial information into segmentation. Experiments on three benchmark datasets across three imaging modalities show that LoG consistently outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods.

By Songyue Han, Mingye Zou, Shuchang Ye, Lei Bi, Mingyuan Meng
arXiv AI
Aug 28

From Reasoning to Pixels: Grounded Medical Multimodal LLMs for VQA and Segmentation

The paper introduces MedREAL, a unified framework that aligns linguistic reasoning with spatial grounding for medical visual question answering and segmentation. MedREAL employs Seg Anchored Reasoning Pooling (SARP) to extract semantic evidence from segmentation tokens and a Reasoning-to-Visual (R2V) fusion mechanism to integrate these features into a segmentation pipeline. Using the newly created MedRAVS-13K dataset, MedREAL achieves superior performance, reporting 68.49% gIoU and 70.47% cIoU, and generates evidence masks that consistently match textual diagnoses.

By Haowen Gu, Gensheng Pei, Junzhu Mao, Qiong Wang, Mingwu Ren, Yazhou Yao
arXiv AI
Jun 24

When Language Overwrites Vision: Over-Alignment and Geometric Debiasing in Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2605. 08245v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) increasingly power high-stakes applications, from medical imaging to autonomous systems, yet they routinely hallucinate, confidently describing content not present in the input.

By Harshvardhan Saini, Samyak Jha, Yiming Tang, Dianbo Liu
arXiv Computer Vision
Sep 2

Instance-Guided Report Anchoring for Text-Free 3D Abnormality Segmentation in Chest CT

Instance-Guided Report Anchoring (IGRA) is a model-agnostic module that links each abnormality instance in a chest CT to the corresponding finding in a radiology report during training, while discarding text components at inference. By reformulating free-text grounding as multi-label volumetric segmentation, IGRA allows all abnormality categories to be predicted in a single image-only forward pass. The method improves Dice scores by 22.5% over the strongest image-only baseline and matches state‑of‑the‑art performance on single-finding subsets, with consistent gains across multiple 3D segmentation backbones and datasets.

By Zhenyu Bu, Haoyan Ding, Chushu Shen, Xinyuan Zheng, Peiyu Duan, Xueqi Guo, Sepehr Farhand, Yoshihisa Shinagawa, Gerardo Hermosillo, Chaowei Wu
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jul 1

MedCAGD: Context-Aware Gated Decoder for Efficient Medical Image Segmentation

Medical image segmentation relies on the ability of encoder-decoder architectures to translate rich feature representations into accurate pixel-level predictions under challenging conditions such as low contrast, structural ambiguity, and scale variability. While recent advances in large-scale pretraining and transformer-based encoders have substantially improved feature extraction, segmentation accuracy remains constrained by decoder design, particularly in terms of cross-scale alignment, contextual integration, and boundary preservation.

arXiv Computer Vision
Sep 3

Deeply Interleaved Text-Image Contexts for Multimodal LLMs Assessment

The paper introduces TIC‑Bench, a new benchmark for evaluating multimodal large language models on deeply interleaved text‑image contexts. It covers logical, temporal, and spatial association tasks, totaling 2,280 questions across eight specific types. The authors benchmarked ten state‑of‑the‑art MLLMs, finding a significant performance gap versus human experts and highlighting persistent challenges in integrating evidence across interleaved visual and textual inputs.

By Zihao Wang, Xi Xiang, Yuwen Sun, Yingyu Li, Yabo Zhang, Yihan Zeng, Fan Li, Wangmeng Zuo
arXiv Computer Vision
4d ago

Synergistic Vision-Language Reinforcement Enables Scalable On-Demand Analysis across Diverse Clinical Tasks

arXiv:2505.03380v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate delineation of tumors and surrounding organs-at-risk is essential for radiotherapy, surgery and treatment response assessment, yet remains...

By Haonan Wang, Jiaji Mao, Lehan Wang, Qixiang Zhang, Marawan Elbatel, Yi Qin, Huijun Hu, Baoxun Li, Wenhui Deng, Weifeng Qin, Hongrui Li, Jialin Liang, Jun Shen, Xiaomeng Li
arXiv AI
Jun 8

MMBU: A Massive Multi-modal Biomedical Understanding Benchmark to Probe the Perception Capabilities of Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2606. 06696v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision and language models (VLMs) hold immense promise to transform biomedical imaging workflows, from detecting lesions in chest X-rays to profiling cellular features in microscopy.

By Ryan D'Cunha, Alejandro Lozano, Xiaoxiao Sun, Daniel Vela Jarquin, Min Woo Sun, Josiah Aklilu, James Burgess, Yuhui Zhang, Ryan Nayebi, Paola Avila, Robayo, Jin Ye, Ming Hu, Zhongying Deng, Junjun He, Xin Chen, Yue Yao, Robert Tibshirani, Jeffrey J. Nirschl, Serena Yeung-Levy