arXiv Machine Learning

Amadeus: When Models of People Meet

arXiv AI
Sep 17

What Counts as Strategic Reasoning? A Systematic Mapping of Chess Research on Humans, Engines, and Language Models

The paper presents a systematic mapping of recent chess research involving humans, engines, neural and reinforcement‑learning systems, large language models (LLMs), and hybrid approaches. It identifies 84 core study families and classifies them by agent type, strategic‑reasoning stages, and evaluation dimensions, highlighting a strong focus on situation assessment, evaluation, and action selection while noting gaps in planning, explanation, metacognition, and human–AI collaboration. The study also distinguishes hybrid systems by integration timing and cautions that improved human performance in evaluations does not automatically imply human–AI synergy.

By Paolo Ciancarini, Remo Pareschi
arXiv AI
Sep 12

The Convention Gap: Towards Measuring Implicit Communication in Cooperative AI Evaluation

The paper introduces the "convention gap" as a metric for measuring implicit communication in cooperative AI, defined as the difference between predicted failure probability from literal messages and observed failure rates. Using the card game Hanabi, the authors analyze 101,000 play actions from human-human, AI-AI, and human-AI datasets, finding a +26.2pp gap in human pairs, a -0.7pp gap in AI pairs, and a +16.4pp gap in human-AI pairs, with the largest gaps occurring on plays with no hints. The study shows that convention compatibility, rather than raw AI-AI performance, may better predict an AI’s effectiveness with human partners.

By Makoto Fukushima, Hua-Dong Xiong, Ehsan Moradi Pari
arXiv AI
Jul 7

Multiplayer Interactive World Models with Representation Autoencoders

arXiv:2607. 05352v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce the first multiplayer world model for highly dynamic environments governed by complex physical interactions.

By Anthony Hu, V\'aclav Volhejn, Adrien Ramanana Rahary, Chris Mulder, Aditya Makkar, Am\'elie Royer, Manu Orsini, Alyx Liao, Adam Jelley, Eloi Alonso, Florian Laurent, Fredrik Nor\'en, James Swingos, Jan H\"unermann, Kent Rollins, Lucas Hosseini, Matthieu Le Cauchois, Maxim Peter, Pim de Witte, Tim Brown, Vincent Micheli, Moritz B\"ohle, Gabriel de Marmiesse, Viktoriia Sharmanska, Lucia Specia, Michael Black, Patrick P\'erez
arXiv AI
Jun 9

Aligned but Not Partner-Specific: Distinguishing How Multimodal LLM Agents Succeed in Reference Games Without Human-Like Conventions

arXiv:2606. 08081v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Repeated reference games test whether interlocutors replace their initially long descriptions with shorter, partner-specific conventions grounded in shared interaction history.

By Po-Ya Angela Wang, Chinmaya Mishra, Asl{\i} \"Ozy\"urek, Paula Rubio-Fern\'andez, Esam Ghaleb
arXiv AI
Jun 3

Human-Like Goalkeeping in a Realistic Football Simulation: a Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning Approach

arXiv:2510. 23216v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: While several high profile video games have served as testbeds for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), this technique has rarely been employed by the game industry for crafting authentic AI behaviors.

By Alessandro Sestini, Joakim Bergdahl, Jean-Philippe Barrette-LaPierre, Florian Fuchs, Brady Chen, Fabio Zinno, Michael Jones, Linus Gissl\'en