PlanPO introduces a group planning-aware policy optimization method for multi-turn agentic large language models, addressing the issue of advantage collapse caused by treating all successful trajectories equally. By incorporating coarse-to-fine advantage signals that reflect differences in trajectory and turn lengths, PlanPO encourages agents to learn generalizable planning and generation behaviors. Experiments show a 27.2% average improvement over GRPO on benchmarks such as ALFWorld, WebShop, and SciWorld, with minimal extra training cost.
By Dayang Liang, Liyuan He, Xuan Feng, Shuxin Li, Bo An, Yunlong Liu
The paper introduces Influence-Aware Policy Optimization (IAPO), a method that models multi‑turn agent rollouts as typed influence‑dependency graphs to better assign credit to actions based on how information and errors flow through user and tool interactions. IAPO transforms the structure of support and failure usage into routing weights that redistribute trajectory‑level advantage, enabling more effective learning from sparse final rewards. Experiments with Qwen3‑4B and Qwen3‑8B on three service‑agent benchmarks show that IAPO outperforms existing multi‑turn reinforcement learning baselines without harming function‑calling performance.
By Bo Ren, Yirong Mao, Yi Yang, Wenhui Que
Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly solve long-horizon tasks through multi-turn interactions with users and external tools. In these settings, relevant task information often unfolds over t...
arXiv:2510. 05592v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Outcome-driven reinforcement learning has advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but prevailing tool-augmented approaches train a single, monolithic policy that interleaves thoughts and tool calls under full context; this scales poorly with long horizons and diverse tools and generalizes weakly to new scenarios.
By Zhuofeng Li, Haoxiang Zhang, Seungju Han, Sheng Liu, Jianwen Xie, Yu Zhang, Yejin Choi, James Zou, Pan Lu
arXiv:2606. 00135v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-calling is a central component of modern large language model (LLM) agents, equipping them with skills beyond their parametric knowledge.
By Tong Liu, Cheng Qian, Matej Cief, Yuan He, Daniele Dan, Nikolaos Aletras, Gabriella Kazai
The paper proposes shifting AI agent training from isolated task completion to collaborative interaction, defining three key dimensions—Productivity, Proactivity, and Personalization (PPP). It introduces UserVille, an environment with LLM-based user simulators and user-centric feedback, and a multi-objective reinforcement learning framework that optimizes PPP using rewards from task outcomes, question effort, and preference adherence. Experiments on SWE-Bench and BrowseComp-Plus show PPP-trained agents outperform strong LLM baselines, ask more targeted questions, and generalize to unseen preferences and tasks, with a user study underscoring the value of user-centric feedback for effective, supervised collaboration.
By Weiwei Sun, Xuhui Zhou, Weihua Du, Xingyao Wang, Sean Welleck, Graham Neubig, Maarten Sap, Yiming Yang
arXiv:2606. 27136v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For LLM agents in multi-step interactive environments, a key challenge is to make effective use of accumulated interaction experience.
By Shicheng Ye, Chao Yu
arXiv:2607. 27973v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial paradigm for the post-training of Large Language Model (LLM) agents.
By Cong Li, Peixi Peng, Yisen Zhao, Xinyu Hu, Shudong Liu, Zhan Su, Zhuojian Li
arXiv:2606. 03698v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A central goal of large language model (LLM) research is to build agentic systems that can plan, act, and adapt through sustained interaction with dynamic environments.
By Sangeun Park, Minhae Kwon
arXiv:2609.15066v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: We present Salesforce Koa, an enterprise language model built by post-training the open-weight Nemotron-3-Super-120B foundation model with reinforcem...
By Zixiang Chen, Sufeng Niu, Yingchi Liu, Wenting Zhao, Akshara Prabhakar, Shubham Mehrotra, Bin Bi, Zhujun Lan, Katherine Tan, Mohammad Ramezanali, Tulika Manoj Awalgaonkar, Monojit Banerjee, Jielin Qiu, Shiva Kumar Pentyala, Zhepeng Cen, Anupam Tripathi, Ali Ziaei, Regunathan Radhakrishnan, Darvish Lee Shadravan, Shelby Heinecke, Sitaram Asur, Silvio Savarese, James Zhu, Phil Mui, Huan Wang
arXiv:2603. 00656v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Real-world user requests to LLM agents are often underspecified.
By Fanqi Kong, Jiayi Zhang, Mingyi Deng, Chenglin Wu, Yuyu Luo, Bang Liu
arXiv:2609.33665v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Automatically generated environments provide a scalable source of interaction data for training general agents. However, existing approaches mainly...
By Xiao-Wen Yang, Weiyi Xu, Wen Da, Hang Xu, Canwei Li, Hong-Jie You, Pusen Dong, Yucheng Zeng, Zhaokai Luo, Yu-Feng Li, Yao Hu, Mu Chuan