Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI
Jul 29

Architectural Backdoors in Vision-Language Model Supply Chains via Representation Steering

arXiv:2607. 25479v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision--Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed through a model supply chain in which pretrained checkpoints, architecture definitions, text encoders, and exported computation graphs are distributed by third parties and reused across downstream services.

By Maria Rosaria Briglia, Igor Maljkovic, Antonio Emanuele Cin\`a, Luca Oneto, Iacopo Masi, Fabio Roli
arXiv AI
Jul 29

Evaluating Multi-Turn Multimodal Diagnostic Reasoning on Challenging Real-World Clinical Cases

arXiv:2607. 25933v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical diagnostic evaluation should not only assess whether models can provide correct diagnoses, but also reflect the realities of clinical practice, including progressive disclosure of multimodal information, dynamic updating of diagnostic hypotheses, and continuous refinement of clinical reasoning.

By Rui Yang, Weihao Xuan, Yi Lin, Zhuhan Bao, Jonathan Chong Kai Liew, Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Nicol\'as Lescano, Nikita R. Paripati, Emily Ling-Lin Pai, Jiarui Liu, Heli Qi, Heng-Jui Chang, Benny Kai Guo Loo, Huitao Li, Kunyu Yu, Yufan Wang, Chuan Hong, Shijian Lu, Douglas Teodoro, Naoto Yokoya, Ross Koppel, Mona Diab, Hua Xu, David W. Bates, Nan Liu, Yifan Peng
arXiv AI
Jul 29

Localizing Persona Representations in LLMs

arXiv:2505. 24539v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present a study on how and where personas -- defined by distinct sets of human characteristics, values, and beliefs -- are encoded in the representation space of large language models (LLMs).

By Celia Cintas, Miriam Rateike, Erik Miehling, Elizabeth Daly, Skyler Speakman
arXiv AI
Jul 29

PatchWorld: Gradient-Free Optimization of Executable World Models for Agent Environments

arXiv:2605. 30880v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: World models for interactive text agents must typically be learned from observation-action trajectories alone.

By Jiaxin Bai, Yue Guo, Yifei Dong, Jiaxuan Xiong, Tianshi Zheng, Yixia Li, Tianqing Fang, Yufei Li, Yisen Gao, Haoyu Huang, Zhongwei Xie, Hong Ting Tsang, Zihao Wang, Lihui Liu, Jeff Z. Pan, Yangqiu Song
arXiv AI
Jul 29

Aletheia: An Offline-First Clinical Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis in Low-Resource Healthcare Settings

arXiv:2607. 24814v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Access to specialist clinical expertise remains severely limited across sub-Saharan Africa, where physician-to-patient ratios can fall below 1:25,000 in rural settings.

By Joseph Walusimbi, Ann Move Oguti, Abubakhari Sserwadda, Precious Boss Kasasira, Charles Brian Okoboi
arXiv AI
Jul 29

DecoEvo: Score-Decoupled Co-Evolution of Solver and Rubric-Generator Skills in Text Space

arXiv:2607. 25675v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Text-space optimization adapts large language models (LLMs) by editing external natural-language artifacts rather than model weights, so the optimized artifacts remain inspectable and the model can be treated as a black box.

By Jiangwang Chen, Zixin Song, Junlin Liu, Shuaiyu Zhou, Haiyan Wu, Haihan Shi, Chenxi Zhou, Hanqing Li, Xiao Yang, Da Zhu, Guanjun Jiang, Hai Wan, Xibin Zhao