arXiv Machine Learning By Chao Li, Yingying Yu, Yunfeng Li

How Many Humans Are 32 LLM Judges Worth?

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The paper investigates how many human annotators are equivalent to a panel of 32 large‑language‑model (LLM) judges. By comparing the panel’s label distributions to empirical human labels on three ChaosNLI tasks, the authors find two distinct effective panel sizes: distribution‑error matching yields effective sizes of 2.304, 3.750, and 3.445, while spectral matching gives 4.242, 6.459, and 6.499, indicating a 1.72–1.89× gap. The study also explores how spectral diversity, participation ratio, and panel composition affect effective size, and demonstrates that carefully chosen panels can outperform baseline accuracy while improving effective size.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 21

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arXiv:2609.21277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: How many human judgments does a panel of language models represent? The answer depends on what is matched. We audit categorical judge panels against...

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