Large language models (GPT‑4o and Claude 3.7 Sonnet) were tested on two variations of a Bayesian reasoning task across 5 experiments and 5,000 trials. They performed near human levels on the task, but their reasoning was more rule‑based and rigid. The models also exhibited Bayesian hypocrisy, condemning others who used the same Bayesian reasoning, a human‑like error that highlights a dissociation between self‑performance and other‑judgment.
By Nykko Vitali, Mahzarin R. Banaji
The paper introduces CRASM, a deterministic, constraint‑ and role‑aware semantic mapping framework for aligning engineering concepts across incompatible industrial standards, and its extension CRASM‑Gate, which optionally employs a large language model through a confidence gate while preserving deterministic validation. The framework decomposes the mapping process into standard‑specific canonicalization, bounded retrieval, deterministic rules, role interpretation, ranking, ambiguity refusal, and target validation. Experiments on 14,400 sample decisions across six standard pairs show CRASM‑Gate achieving a mean F1 of 0.9938 and perfect structural validity, outperforming a model‑only baseline and reducing latency significantly compared to generative‑model‑only approaches.
By Kabeh Mohsenzadegan, Vahid Tavakkoli, Kyandoghere Kyamakya
arXiv:2609.37853v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as social agents, yet credible human-like interaction requires more than fluent responses or per...
By Wentao Liu, Xi Chen, Siyu Song, Biao Yuan, Yu Zhang, Zhou Zhuotong, Jingying Zhou, Guohao Feng, Shasha Hu, Tianfu Wang, Shangshang Yang, Haoyang Liu, Youjia Li, Xiaokun Wang, Min Ji, Ji Wang
arXiv:2609.36440v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress across multimodal tasks, yet object hallucination remains a persistent...
By Jae-Ho Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Gyeong-Moon Park
arXiv:2609.36832v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Text-to-video (T2V) diffusion models can generate realistic depictions of actions such as kicking, stabbing, and shooting, raising safety concerns that...
By Ping Liu, Chi Zhang
arXiv:2609.36064v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Foundation models are powerful generators, but many engineering domains require structured representations that general-purpose systems handle poorly...
By Sahand Rezaei-Shoshtari, Patryk Wozniczka, Shu Ishida, Gregg Streuber, Farnoosh Javadi, Jeffrey Landes, Angela Ju, Muhammad Azam, Bryan Lim, Johan Luttun, Indrajeet Haldar, Jonathan Shaw, Beatriz Guerra, Ivan Sosnovik, James Stoddart, Robert Giaquinto, Adam Gaier
arXiv:2609.36187v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Symbolic Regression (SR) is a data-driven method for scientific discovery which searches for interpretable analytical relationships within data. Recent...
By Cristina Rossetti, Anna V. Kononova, Thomas B\"ack, Fei Liu, Niki Van Stein
arXiv:2609.36662v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: The pre-training of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly conducted across multiple data centers. As training scales to a larger number of acc...
By Pengyu He, Yan Zhang, Ruien Li, Guangwen Yang
arXiv:2609.36663v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: We present GenLimitLib, a source-aligned Lean 4 library for language generation in the limit. Introduced by Kleinberg and Mullainathan at NeurIPS 2024,...
By Shuangping Li, Peng Zhang
arXiv:2609.36692v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Matrix optimizers have emerged as a promising direction, with Muon standing out as a prominent design. Revisiting Muon through its full-Gram represen...
By Zixuan Gong, Zeyu Gan, Jiaye Teng, Yong Liu
arXiv:2609.36794v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Signal features derived from photoplethysmography (PPG) require different signal durations to characterize. Existing PPG foundation models treat durati...
By Suyeong Lee, Hochang Lee, Seokyong Sheem, Daekyum Kim
arXiv:2609.36813v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general capabilities that mechanistic interpretability has attributed to sparse computational circuits. How...
By Chuanpu Liu, Miao Yu, Yikai Cai, Yuanhe Zhang, Zhenhong Zhou, Li Sun, Zuming Jiang, Yufei Guo
arXiv:2609.36890v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: In scientific machine learning, physical fields governed by partial differential equations exhibit low-rank structure and scale invariance. When solvin...
By Kaichen Ouyang, Chenglei Yu, Chuanrui Wang, Tailin Wu
arXiv:2609.37750v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, yet the real-world performance of FDA-cleared AI detection models remains inc...
By Aawez Mansuri, Mohammadreza Chavoshi, Theodorus Dapamede, Wasif Bala, Beatrice Brown-Mulry, Rohan Isaac, Bardia Khosravi, Hanzhou Li, Frank Li, John T. Moon, Chad Robichaux, Dan I. G. Cohen-Addad, Ninad V. Salastekar, Janice Newsome, Judy W. Gichoya, Hari Trivedi
arXiv:2609.37818v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Empathetic spoken dialogue requires models to use both what is said and how it is said to decide how to respond. Explicit CoT can improve paralinguis...
By Shengbo Cai, Yuxiang Wang, Jingran Xie, Zhisheng Zhang, Shun Lei, Di Cao, Teddy Sun, Zhiyong Wu
arXiv:2609.35599v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: When recalling lists of concepts (e.g., animals) during the semantic fluency task (SFT), both humans and large language models (LLMs) organise thei...
By Luke Leckie, Peter M. Todd, Jacob G. Foster
Vision‑Language Models (VLMs) used in autonomous driving are evaluated on their ability to understand velocity through three tasks: surrounding‑agent speed, current ego speed, and short‑horizon future ego‑speed. Experiments on nuScenes show that while current ego speed can be accessed internally, verbal outputs are poor and surrounding‑agent speed is weakly encoded; temporal cues and frame order are largely ignored. Specialized driving models (Alpamayo‑1.5) improve latent speed representations but still leave gaps between internal knowledge and verbal readout, indicating that good planning outputs do not guarantee reliable dynamic state recovery.
By Katharina Winter, Stefan Englmeier, Fabian B. Flohr
EviViT is a lightweight attachment for pretrained vision transformers that learns where to focus detail in high‑resolution images. It uses human visual‑search traces to supervise a question‑conditioned evidence density, guiding regional re‑reading and efficient visual token allocation. The method connects regional features to the global scene via a sparse, coordinate‑aware bridge, improving fine‑grained accuracy across nine host models while using fewer tokens than global‑only processing.
By Yaoxin Niu, Zhangquan Chen, Yang Zhang, Xiang An, Zhumei Wang, Chih-Ting Liao, Hongkun Cao, Ruqi Huang
arXiv:2609.37066v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Post-training is central to mathematical reasoning in modern large language models (LLMs), but endpoint pass@1 alone underidentifies what has changed...
By Hongyang Li, Yiming Zhu, Xiao Li, Caesar Wu, Said Mammar, Pascal Bouvry
arXiv:2609.37852v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Reliable FP8 attention remains a barrier to fully native 8-bit large language model training. We derive how forward-backward inconsistencies produce st...
By Haozhan Tang, Hao Kang, Han Cai, Song Han, Chenyan Xiong