Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI

Jun 4

A Unified Geometric Space for Topological Alignment Between Transformer-Based Models and Human Brain Networks

arXiv:2510. 24342v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Prior brain-AI alignment studies are typically constrained by specific inputs and tasks, limiting their ability to capture organizational properties across models with different modalities.

By Silin Chen, Yuzhong Chen, Caiwei Wang, Zifan Wang, Junhao Wang, Zifeng Jia, Keith M Kendrick, Tuo Zhang, Lin Zhao, Dezhong Yao, Tianming Liu, Xi Jiang

llms fine-tuning multimodal safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 4

An Open-Source Two-Stage Computer Vision Pipeline for Fine-Grained Vehicle Classification using Vision Transformers

arXiv:2606. 05149v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vehicle body type is a significant determinant of cyclist injury severity in overtaking crashes, yet automated tools for classifying vehicles into injury-risk-relevant categories from naturalistic roadway video do not exist in the open literature.

By Gandhimathi Padmanaban, Fred Feng

llms computer-vision fine-tuning benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 4

SparDA: Sparse Decoupled Attention for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inference

arXiv:2606. 04511v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Sparse attention reduces compute and memory bandwidth for long-context LLM inference.

By Yaosheng Fu, Guangxuan Xiao, Xin Dong, Song Han, Oreste Villa

llms efficiency

arXiv AI

Jun 4

REFLECTOR: Internalizing Step-wise Reflection against Indirect Jailbreak

arXiv:2605. 20654v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they remain susceptible to sophisticated, multi-step jailbreak attacks that circumvent conventional surface-level safety alignment by exploiting the internal generation process.

By Jiachen Ma, Jiawen Zhang, Xiangtian Li, Bo Zou, Chaochao Lu, Chao Yang

llms agents reinforcement-learning fine-tuning benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Geometry-Aware Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models

arXiv:2601. 06196v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate factually incorrect or unsupported content, commonly referred to as hallucinations.

By Bodla Krishna Vamshi, Rohan Bhatnagar, Haizhao Yang

llms rag nlp fine-tuning benchmarks safety

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 4

VentAgent: When LLMs Learn to Breathe -- Multi-Objective Arbitration for ARDS Ventilation

arXiv:2606. 04632v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mechanical ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) requires balancing competing physiological goals, including oxygenation, lung protection, and acid-base homeostasis.

By Teqi Hao, Yuxuan Fu, Xiaoyu Tan, Shaojie Shi, Bohao Lv, Yinghui Xu, Xihe Qiu

llms agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Synthetic Personalities: How Well Can LLMs Mimic Individual Respondents Using Socio-Economic Microdata?

arXiv:2606. 04592v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based digital twins promise to scale and accelerate market research, but most published twins are either coarse persona bots conditioned on a few demographic questions or detailed individual-level twins built on purpose-collected surveys and interview transcripts.

By Leonard Kinzinger, Jochen Hartmann

llms rag

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 4

STRIDE: Training Data Attribution via Sparse Recovery from Subset Perturbations

arXiv:2606. 05165v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training Data Attribution (TDA) seeks to trace a model's predictions back to its training data.

By Rishit Dagli, Abir Harrasse, Luke Zhang, Florent Draye, Amirali Abdullah, Bernhard Sch\"olkopf, Zhijing Jin

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

HEPA: A Self-Supervised Horizon-Conditioned Event Predictive Architecture for Time Series

arXiv:2605. 11130v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Critical events in multivariate time series, from turbine failures to cardiac arrhythmias, demand accurate prediction, yet labeled data is scarce because such events are rare and costly to annotate.

By Jonas Petersen, Gian-Alessandro Lombardi, Riccardo Maggioni, Camilla Mazzoleni, Federico Martelli, Philipp Petersen

llms rag benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 4

Rethinking Incompleteness: Formalizing Protocol Divergence and Train-Once Learning for Robust IMVC

arXiv:2606. 04857v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Standard IMVC evaluation retrains separate models for different missing-data configurations.

By Haolu Liu, Xiyue Wang, Xuanting Xie, Liangjian Wen, Zhao Kang

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

ZeroUnlearn: Few-Shot Knowledge Unlearning in Large Language Models

arXiv:2605. 18879v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models inevitably retain sensitive information, defined as inputs that may induce harmful generations, due to training on massive web corpora, raising concerns for privacy and safety.

By Yujie Lin, Chengyi Yang, Zhishang Xiang, Yiping Song, Jinsong Su

llms fine-tuning safety

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Toward Pre-Deployment Assurance for Enterprise AI Agents: Ontology-Grounded Simulation and Trust Certification

arXiv:2606. 04037v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pre-deployment verification of enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) agents remains a critical gap between large language model (LLM) capability benchmarking and production deployment.

By Thanh Luong Tuan, Abhijit Sanyal

llms rag agents benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Inference-Time Vulnerability Beyond Shallow Safety: Alignment Along Generation Trajectories

arXiv:2606. 04778v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Safety-aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to interventions during inference that redirect generation toward harmful outputs.

By Kyungmin Park, Taesup Kim

llms safety

arXiv AI

Jun 4

EvalStop: Using World Feedback to Detect and Correct Reward Overoptimization in Multi-Tenant RLHF Platforms

arXiv:2606. 04145v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cloud LLM fine-tuning platforms increasingly serve RLHF workloads, where a learned reward model is optimized as a proxy for human quality.

By Guilin Zhang, Chuanyi Sun, Shahryar Sarkani, John M. Fossaceca

llms reinforcement-learning fine-tuning

arXiv AI

Jun 4

CodegenBench: Can LLMs Write Efficient Code Across Architectures?

arXiv:2606. 04023v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While large language models (LLMs) have been extensively evaluated on code generation tasks for general-purpose programming and GPU-accelerated environments (e.

By Jie Li, Wenzhao Wu, Junqi Hu, Qinrui Zheng, Bowen Wu, Juepeng Zheng, Yutong Lu, Haohuan Fu

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

POLARIS: Guiding Small Models to Write Long Stories

arXiv:2606. 04095v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Small open-weight models struggle at long-form creative writing: their generated stories either fall far short of the requested length, or their quality significantly degrades as length increases, especially when compared to frontier models.

By Rishanth Rajendhran, Jenna Russell, Mohit Iyyer, John Frederick Wieting

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Caught in the Act(ivation): Toward Pre-Output and Multi-Turn Detection of Credential Exfiltration by LLM Agents

arXiv:2606. 04141v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM agents often place sensitive credentials in the same context window as untrusted retrieved content, creating a direct path for indirect prompt injection to induce credential exfiltration.

By Kargi Chauhan, Pratibha Revankar

llms agents benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

MemoryDocDataSet: A Benchmark for Joint Conversational Memory and Long Document Reasoning

arXiv:2606. 04442v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI systems increasingly need to combine two demanding capabilities: navigating multi-session conversation history and performing deep reading comprehension within long documents.

By Qiyang Xie, Jialun Wu, Xinjie He, Su Liu, Shuai Xiao, Zhiyuan Lin, Weikai Zhou

llms rag benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Learning While Acting: A Skill-Enhanced Test-Time Co-Evolution Framework for Online Lifelong Learning Agents

arXiv:2606. 04815v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Lifelong learning is essential for Large Language Model (LLM) agents operating in dynamic, interactive environments.

By Bo Mao, Jie Zhou, Yutao Yang, Xin Li, Xian Wei, Qin Chen, Xingjiao Wu, Liang He

llms agents reinforcement-learning

arXiv AI

Jun 4

Automatic Generation of Titles for Research Papers Using Language Models

arXiv:2606. 05085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The title of a research paper conveys its primary idea and, occasionally, its conclusions in a clear and concise manner.

By Tohida Rehman, Debarshi Kumar Sanyal, Samiran Chattopadhyay

llms fine-tuning

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