Tool use, function calling, orchestration and the protocols that let models act rather than only answer.
arXiv:2509. 10656v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For groups of autonomous agents to achieve a particular goal, they must engage in coordination and long-horizon reasoning.
arXiv:2604. 15267v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: It is increasingly important that LLM agents interact effectively and safely with other goal-pursuing agents, yet, recent works report the opposite trend: LLMs with stronger reasoning capabilities behave _less_ cooperatively in mixed-motive games such as the prisoner's dilemma and public goods settings.
arXiv:2604. 16870v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: AI agents increasingly call external tools (file system, network, APIs) through the Model Context Protocol (MCP).
arXiv:2509. 11259v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advancements in machine learning have largely been driven by foundation models (FMs) trained on large, diverse datasets, enabling them to generalize effectively to new, related tasks.
arXiv:2603. 23433v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: AI agents are becoming active decision-makers on the Internet.
arXiv:2607. 04277v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The pursuit of self-evolving AI raises a critical question: when is autonomous self-improvement sustainable rather than degenerative?
Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly evaluated on their ability to use tools, plan multi-step tasks, coordinate with other agents, and operate over extended horizons. Reported benchmark gains often obscure recurring failure modes documented across otherwise unrelated evaluation efforts.
Computer-aided design (CAD) for industrial components requires long-horizon procedural modeling, robust feature dependencies, editable parametric geometry, and production-grade B-Rep execution. Existing text-to-CAD methods have made promising progress in generating CAD programs from natural-language descriptions, but they still struggle when user prompts are ambiguous, underspecified, or only describe high-level design intent.
Recent LLM-based agent systems continuously accumulate context across multi-turn interactions, tool invocations, and cross-session workflows. Replaying the full history for every request quickly becomes impractical: long contexts increase prefill cost, may exceed context limits, and often bury task-relevant evidence in irrelevant content, degrading both serving efficiency and output quality.
Scaling pre-training, post-training, and test-time compute have become the central paradigms for improving the capabilities of LLMs. In this work, we identify verification, the ability to determine the correctness of a solution, as a new scaling axis.
Planning under uncertainty in continuous domains is essential for autonomous systems, yet computationally demanding. Tree-based search methods such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) remain popular, but their branching structure can require sampling budgets that grow exponentially with lookahead depth in the worst case.
Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is effective when the current policy already samples useful reasoning trajectories, but it stalls on hard prompts whose correct solution modes lie outside the student's on-policy support. We propose TREK (Teacher-Routed Exploration via Forward KL), a simple staged procedure that uses distillation not for imitation but for exploration support expansion.
Inference serving systems must balance throughput and latency under bursty, heterogeneous workloads, yet the industry standard remains static batching policies that require manual tuning and cannot adapt to shifting traffic. We investigate whether reinforcement learning (RL) can learn adaptive batching and routing policies that outperform these heuristics, training REINFORCE and PPO agents on a discrete-event simulator validated against queuing theory and production traces (Azure Functions, BurstGPT).
Agent self-evolution in long-horizon LLM systems is largely procedural: useful experience is not merely stored information, but reusable procedures for searching, debugging, and verification. Yet current evaluations do not isolate this form of transfer.
Audio intelligence involves understanding, reasoning about, and generating both audio and speech. In this work, we introduce Nemotron-Labs-Audex-30B-A3B (Audex), a unified audio-text LLM built on Nemotron-Cascade-2-30B-A3B, a strong text-only MoE LLM.
Increase the effectiveness of your coding agents through end-to-end testing. The post How to Run End-to-End Tests with Claude Code appeared first on Towards Data Science .
Background: Disease severity is a multidimensional construct difficult to capture with rule-based approaches in Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR). Agentic large language model (LLM) systems could synthesise clinical evidence and reason over EHRs, but remain unevaluated for this task.
Persistent memory has enabled large language model (LLM) agents to store factual knowledge, prior decisions, reasoning histories, tool usage information, and context. While this has improved the agent's functionality and continuity across tasks, it has also introduced a new attack surface: the agent's own reasoning history.
Best-worst comparisons, MaxDiff-style judging, and Plackett-Luce utility scores give agent teams a cleaner way to decide which configs to ship, prune, and route toward next. The post Stop Ranking Agent Configs by Average Score appeared first on Towards Data Science .
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the dominant paradigm for training Large Language Model (LLM) agents on long-horizon tasks. However, sparse and delayed rewards often lead to trajectory neglect, in which agents lose focus on the task goal and interaction history at intermediate steps.