Zero-Shot Coordination among LLM Agents

The paper investigates zero‑shot coordination (ZSC) among large language model (LLM) agents, a scenario where independently developed agents must coordinate without prior shared scaffolding. Experiments in minimal, controlled environments reveal that current frontier LLMs struggle to coordinate, mainly due to limited understanding of the coordination problem and weak reasoning about partners’ beliefs. The authors introduce Coordination‑Friendly Definitions (CFDs) as a principled, automatically discoverable approach to improve robust coordination among LLM agents.

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• llms
• agents
• reinforcement-learning