arXiv:2609.39595v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Practical Muon maintains momentum and performs a small, fixed number of Newton--Schulz iterations separately for each parameter matrix, often with a Ne...
By Hanyng Peng, Hui Wang, Yue Yu
The paper introduces a physical response-and-memory model for the Muon optimizer, explaining its semi‑orthogonalized momentum update as the maximally dissipative direction under an output‑side safety budget. It treats the weight matrix as a responsive medium with internal stress, showing that momentum corresponds to accumulated stress whose relaxation occurs over multiple timescales—fast and slow. Based on this, the authors propose the Bi‑Maxwell optimizer, which uses a two‑timescale memory kernel and achieves target loss in fewer steps on a public large‑language‑model benchmark.
By Yinze Hu, Hongjun Xiang, Xingao Gong, Hongyu Yu
arXiv:2607. 22444v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For scale-invariant deep networks, Hyperball-style optimizers have shown strong performance in large-scale training by fixing the norms of matrix-valued parameters and normalizing updates.
By Yihao Xiao, Jialong Sun, Zitian Gao, Zeming Wei, Chutian Wang, Ran Tao, Jiaye Teng, Bryan Dai
arXiv:2608. 04607v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods are the standard instruments for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs).
By Thang Do, Steffen Dereich, Arnulf Jentzen
arXiv:2609.13677v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Modern real application problems involve matrix-valued parameters, yet conventional optimizers treat them as vectors, thereby motivating matrix-aware...
By Lexiao Lai, Tianyi Lin, Jiayu Zhang
arXiv:2512. 04632v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Orthogonality-based optimizers, such as Muon, have recently shown strong performance across large-scale training and community-driven efficiency challenges.
By Thibaut Boissin (IRIT-MISFIT), Thomas Massena (DTIPG - SNCF, IRIT-MISFIT), Franck Mamalet (IRIT-MISFIT), Mathieu Serrurier (IRIT-MISFIT)