arXiv Computation and Language By Tianle Yang, Cuiling Zhang, Chengzhe Sun, Siwei Lyu, Phil Rose

The Voiceprint Fallacy: Why Voices Are Not Unique Biometric Imprints

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The article critiques the notion that a person's voice is a stable, unique biometric trace—termed a voiceprint—by reviewing historical, forensic, and technological evidence. It argues that voices are highly dynamic and context-dependent, and that the voiceprint metaphor misrepresents probabilistic speaker information as a fixed identity marker. The authors emphasize that speaker recognition should account for within-speaker variability, domain mismatch, and synthetic manipulation rather than rely on an assumed stable voiceprint.

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