Automated radiology report generation is advancing rapidly in response to the shortage of radiologists, yet unlike a perception model, existing generation models offer no control over the sensitivity-specificity trade-off of their diagnostic content. Such control is essential because clinical scenarios diverge: emergency triage prioritizes sensitivity to reduce missed findings, whereas confirmatory interpretation emphasizes specificity to limit unnecessary interventions.
arXiv:2609.01470v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: As AI systems are increasingly used to draft radiology reports, reliably evaluating their clinical quality remains a critical challenge. Large language...
By Charles Corbi\`ere, L\'eo Machado, Aubin Charley, Baptiste Callard, Pierre Manceron, Corentin Dancette
Med-AR introduces two autoregressive vision‑language models, Med‑AR‑8B and Med‑AR‑2B, pretrained on structured radiology reports, abnormality‑focused text, and region annotations to address long‑tailed chest X‑ray classification. The models outperform existing contrastive, self‑supervised, and supervised encoders—including Med‑CLIP, CheXFound, EVA‑Base, ARK, and BioViL‑T—across PadChest, MIMIC‑CXR, and CheXpert, achieving higher mean AUROC and AUPRC for head, medium, and tail findings and lower excess area under the risk‑coverage curve. Med‑AR also demonstrates improved selective‑prediction performance, with Med‑AR‑8B raising tail‑label mean AUPRC on MIMIC‑CXR from 0.1033 to 0.1441 and Med‑AR‑2B delivering the strongest discrimination on PadChest.
By Janhavi Prabhu, Sahil, Akshay V, Shivam Shukla, Manoj Tadepalli, Preetham Putha
arXiv:2609.22281v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Foundation models have recently demonstrated strong capabilities across a wide range of medical imaging tasks. However, their performance in structured...
By Benjamin Renoust, Pierre Baudot, Tiffany Foriel, Yousra Haddou, Charles Voyton, Pierre-Henri Siot, Ezequiel Geremia, Danny Francis, Jean-Christophe Brisset, Val\'erie Bourd\`es, Sylvain Bodard, Benoit Huet
The paper introduces ConRad, a reinforcement learning framework that fine‑tunes large vision‑language models to generate calibrated verbalized confidence estimates for radiology reports. ConRad offers both a single report‑level confidence score and a sentence‑level variant, trained with the GRPO algorithm and logarithmic scoring rewards to encourage truthful self‑assessment. Experiments show significant calibration improvements over existing methods, and clinical evaluation indicates that report‑level scores align well with clinicians’ judgments, enabling targeted review of low‑confidence statements.
By David Bani-Harouni, Chantal Pellegrini, Julian L\"uers, Su Hwan Kim, Markus Baalmann, Benedikt Wiestler, Rickmer Braren, Nassir Navab, Matthias Keicher
arXiv:2606. 08769v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic evaluation is critical for high-stakes text generation, where errors often involve omitted findings, hallucinated content, polarity reversals, location changes, uncertainty mismatches, and temporal-comparison errors rather than low surface similarity alone.
By Weixin Liu, Juming Xiong, Yang Li, Qingyuan Song, Susannah Rose, Murat Kantarcioglu, Bradley Malin, Zhijun Yin