arXiv:2604. 23025v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Android malware detectors built with machine learning often suffer from temporal bias: models are trained and evaluated without respecting apps' actual release times, inflating accuracy and weakening real-world robustness.
By Annan Fu, Hao Pei, Maryam Tanha
arXiv:2503.11841v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) malware detectors rely heavily on crowd-sourced AntiVirus (AV) labels, with platforms like VirusTotal serving as truste...
By Tianwei Lan, Luca Demetrio, Farid Nait-Abdesselam, Yufei Han, Simone Aonzo
arXiv:2512. 20872v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Function call graphs (FCGs) have emerged as a powerful abstraction for malware detection, capturing the behavioral structure of applications beyond surface-level signatures.
By Jakir Hossain, Jue Guo, Gurvinder Singh, Lukasz Ziarek, Ahmet Erdem Sar{\i}y\"uce
The paper introduces a new benchmark for assessing out-of-distribution robustness in graph-based Android malware classifiers, highlighting that current models drop up to 45% accuracy on unseen malware variants. It presents two scenarios—MalNet-Tiny-Common for covariate shift and MalNet-Tiny-Distinct for domain shift—and identifies a limitation in existing benchmarks that rely solely on structure-only function call graphs. To address this, the authors propose a semantic enrichment framework that augments graph topology with function-level attributes and LLM-based code embeddings, demonstrating that this data-centric approach improves robustness under distribution shift and complements model-based methods.
By Ngoc N. Tran, Anwar Said, Waseem Abbas, Tyler Derr, Xenofon D. Koutsoukos
arXiv:2606. 02834v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Malware analysis starts with the raw bytes of an executable program, and tools to "lift" these to higher-level representations, such as assembly, are expensive and subject to error.
By Florian St\"ortz, Catalin-Andrei Stan, Alexandru Dinu, Sandra Servia-Rodr\'iguez, Mihaela Gaman, Calin Miron, Edward Raff
arXiv:2605. 09028v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Machine learning-based Android malware detectors often fail in real-world deployment due to domain shift, where models trained on one data source perform poorly on applications from another.
By Md Rafid Islam