arXiv AI By Stefan Edelkamp

Inner-Learning: From Hand-Coded Beliefs to Declarative Knowledge in Trick-Taking Games

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The paper introduces a declarative framework for modeling belief states in trick‑taking card games, converting hand‑coded inference rules from a leading Skat player into a domain‑specific language. By generating and verifying code, the authors correct three bugs in the original engine and expand the rule set through expert strategy annotations and symmetry. Additional cardinality constraints and confidence parameters further refine the model, leading to measurable improvements in winning percentage and score during self‑play tests.

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