H-2DGS: Height-Field Gaussian Splatting for Sharp and Deformable Neurosurgical Surface Reconstruction

H-2DGS introduces a height-field 2D Gaussian Splatting pipeline that produces a sharp, deformable cortical surface reconstruction for neurosurgical navigation. The method concentrates a robust 3D Gaussian Splatting reconstruction, fuses its depth into a shared truncated signed distance field, and represents the surface with curved, surface-oriented Gaussian primitives. Across five real neurosurgical cases, H-2DGS achieves low multi-view depth inconsistency, a compact 7.97 MB representation, and interactive rendering at 29–42 ms per frame, integrating clearly with tractography and MRI anatomy.

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