Fairness Invariants: A Relational Approach to Explaining and Mitigating Fairness Bugs

The paper introduces REMI, a framework that treats counterfactual fairness as a relational invariant discovery problem. By learning over paired examples, REMI identifies input regions where fairness is violated and generates interpretable rule-based models—fairness invariants—that can block or relabel unfair predictions without retraining the underlying model. Experiments on symbolic and neural network programs show REMI localizes fairness bugs in over 83% of cases and reduces discriminatory decisions in black-box models by up to 70%.

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