arXiv:2604. 11840v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Language models are increasingly used to simulate people: survey respondents, negotiators, stakeholders in policy exercises.
By Sandro Andric
The paper investigates why large language models (LLMs) struggle in strategic decision-making under incomplete information. It identifies two key gaps: an observation‑belief gap where LLMs’ internal representations of game states are accurate but brittle, and a belief‑action gap where converting these internal beliefs into actions is weak, leading to suboptimal payoffs. Experiments with Llama 3.1, Qwen3, and gpt‑oss confirm that acting optimally on decoded beliefs would improve outcomes in most games, highlighting a bottleneck in belief‑to‑action conversion.
By Jan Sobotka, Mustafa O. Karabag, Ufuk Topcu
arXiv:2609.25686v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Long-horizon assigned work requires an LLM agent to track the state of a task: which steps are done, blocked, cancelled, or open to repetition. Agent...
By Chenyu Zhang, Wonbin Kweon, Jiawei Han
The paper introduces XiangqiBench, an executable benchmark for evaluating large language model agents in Chinese chess. It tracks 8,568 multi‑turn trajectories from 12 frontier LLMs, revealing that metrics such as the Conversion Gap, Consistency Gap, and Simulation Gap overstate true closed‑loop success. The study shows that simply naming the correct move is insufficient; agents must reliably carry a plan through to a verified outcome against an opponent.
By Yekun Chai, Qiwei Peng, Haoyi Xiong
arXiv:2606. 19494v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent LLM deliberation, where agents exchange and revise answers over several rounds, is increasingly used to improve reasoning and accuracy, yet how and why it works is rarely modelled.
By Apurba Pokharel, Ram Dantu
arXiv:2606. 16014v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many games rely on storytelling combined with systems that track levelling, NPC behaviour, and consequence simulation; bridging tightly-authored narrative with deeply-simulated worlds -- most acute in sandbox and open-world settings -- has been prohibitively expensive.
By Yuhang Huang, Chenmiao Li, Chaowei Fang