Depth-Aware Pothole Detection Using YOLO and RT-DETR at the Edge

The paper introduces a depth‑aware pothole detection framework that fuses RGB‑D sensor data and evaluates five architectures—YOLOv8n, YOLOv8nSeg, YOLOv9t, RTDETRL, and RTDETRX—on the PothRGBD dataset. YOLOv8nSeg achieves the highest detection performance (mAP@50 = 0.9556, mAP@50_95 = 0.6758) and the most accurate depth estimate (2.96 cm), while YOLOv8n offers the fastest inference (3.6 ms) and RTDETRX delivers the highest detection confidence (92.70 %). The study also shows that even after RANSAC orthorectification, bounding‑box models overestimate pothole depth by 0.16–0.21 cm, indicating a structural bias rather than a calibration error.

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