arXiv Machine Learning By Jacques Raynal, Pierre Slangen, Elsa Raynal, Jacques Margerit

Bootstrap Theory of Representational Emergence (TBER): Explanatory Insufficiency, Transition Regimes, and the Emergence of New Representational Levels

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arXiv:2606. 07303v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Representation learning is central to modern machine learning, yet most research focuses on optimizing representations after a framework has been selected.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 27

Emergent Abilities in Large Language Models: A Survey

Emergent Abilities in Large Language Models: A Survey reviews how scaling LLMs leads to previously unseen capabilities such as advanced reasoning, in-context learning, coding, and problem-solving. The paper critically examines definitions, inconsistencies, and the conditions that foster these abilities, including scaling laws, task complexity, pre‑training loss, quantization, and prompting strategies. It also discusses the extension to Large Reasoning Models and highlights safety concerns like deception, manipulation, and reward hacking, calling for improved evaluation and governance.

By Leonardo Berti, Flavio Giorgi, Gjergji Kasneci
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 14

From Performance to Representational Adequacy: A Representational Bootstrap Framework for Adaptive Biological Systems

arXiv:2606. 01374v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Observable performance is commonly used to characterize biological systems, yet aggregated outputs may remain insufficient for uniquely resolving observational conditions, and richer multivariate representations may retain substantial ambiguity.

By Jacques Raynal, Pierre Slangen, Elsa Raynal, Jacques Margerit