BIPPO: Budget-Aware Independent PPO for Energy-Efficient Federated Learning Services

BIPPO (Budget-aware Independent Proximal Policy Optimization) is a multi‑agent reinforcement learning framework designed for energy‑efficient client selection in federated learning (FL) over IoT systems. It addresses infrastructure constraints such as limited resources and device churn, which traditional FL and RL approaches overlook. Evaluated on two image‑classification tasks with non‑IID data, BIPPO improves mean accuracy over non‑RL methods, standard PPO, and IPPO while consuming only a negligible portion of the budget, even as client numbers grow.

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• agents
• computer-vision
• reinforcement-learning
• safety