Beyond "Made with AI": Visualizing Provenance Density to Mitigate the Transparency Penalty

The paper introduces Provenance Density, an interface that visualizes the density of verified claims within a text to counter the Fluency Trap—where users mistake fluent AI-generated hallucinations for truth. In a study with 81 participants, the interface significantly improved users’ ability to distinguish true from fabricated content, while no signal led to no discernment. A technical audit of 200 samples revealed that retrieval density alone is insufficient, and that the Consistency Veto provides most of the discriminative power for dynamic queries.

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