arXiv Machine Learning By Priyanka Siddappa, Muntaqim Ahmed Raju, Shifat Haider Al Amin, Ruizhe Ma

Alert-List Concordance for Evaluating Imputation Strategies in ICU Sepsis Prediction

Read the original on arXiv Machine Learning →

The paper introduces alert‑list concordance, a metric that evaluates whether different imputation strategies for ICU sepsis prediction models identify the same high‑risk patients, measured by Jaccard similarity of top‑k% alert sets with bootstrap confidence intervals. Using PhysioNet/CinC 2019 data, the authors compare nine imputation methods and a native‑missingness baseline, finding that many methods have similar AUROC yet produce alert lists that overlap only 51–75% of the time. ForwardFill stands out as an outlier, achieving higher discrimination but lower overlap (40–45%).

Machine-generated by The Flow from the publisher's headline and feed description — not written or checked by a human. The full article lives at arXiv Machine Learning.

arXiv AI
Aug 28

Standalone LLM and a Pre-specified Agentic Pipeline for Explaining ICU Mortality Predictions: a Feasibility Study on the eICU Demo Dataset

The study evaluates a standalone large language model (LLM) versus a four‑step agentic pipeline for generating explanations of ICU mortality predictions on the eICU Demo dataset. XGBoost achieved an AUROC of 0.855 and an AUPRC of 0.332. In a 38‑case explanation subset, the standalone LLM produced one explanation with outcome leakage, while the agentic pipeline produced none; among 14 overlapping SHAP cases, the standalone LLM had higher SHAP alignment and direction consistency, whereas the agentic pipeline showed better guideline grounding, value specificity, and plausibility.

By Di Zhu, Chen Xie, Haoyun Zhang, Zihan Wei, Ziwei Wang, Jiazhao Shi, Ziyu Wang, Qiyang Xie
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 12

Hidden Data Challenges in Clinical Machine Learning

The paper highlights hidden data challenges in clinical machine learning, focusing on how commonly reused preprocessing pipelines for electronic health records embed assumptions about data availability, episode definitions, and missingness. Using MIMIC-IV, the authors identify violations in temporal, semantic, and population alignment—leading to temporal leakage, feature-task misalignment, and biased imputation—and show that these ambiguities can alter model signals without affecting overall predictive performance. They provide practical recommendations and open-source code for more temporally valid, clinically aligned, and reproducible preprocessing.

By Carolin Ciss\'ee, Dennis Fast, Raneen Younis, Alexander L\"oser, Wolfgang Nejdl, Zahra Ahmadi
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 29

Missingness-Aware Conformal Prediction Under Cross-Hospital Distribution Shift

The paper introduces a missingness‑aware conformal calibration method for mortality prediction that accounts for cross‑hospital distribution shifts. By selecting a measurement on an independent sample, grouping patients by whether that measurement is recorded, and applying Mondrian calibration within each group, the method avoids reusing calibration outcomes. Experiments on eICU and MIMIC‑IV data show that, compared to pooled calibration, it reduces the worst‑group coverage gap by a median of 1.9 percentage points across six settings, though the benefit varies with predictor and hospital.

By Liang You, Dongwen Ou, Hengyu Shi, Siyuan Dai