A foundation for systematic analysis of transformers and RNNs for tractography
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The paper presents a systematic comparison of recurrent neural networks and Transformer models for iterative diffusion MRI tractography, focusing on training strategies, input representations, and hyperparameter tuning. It introduces a generation‑validation phase that provides streamline‑level supervision, enabling the models to achieve the best performance reported on the ISMRM2015 challenge dataset. The study also evaluates the effects of missing bundles, noisy training data, and invalid fibers, and demonstrates applicability to in‑vivo data from the Tractoinferno database.
Fiber tractography's ability to reconstruct the brain's structural pathways, has made it a crucial component of modern neuroimaging, enabling detailed, non-invasive mapping of structural connectivity and supporting a wide range of neurological research and clinical applications. However, despite its importance, tractography remains a challenging task due to the inherent complexity of white matter structure and its susceptibility to false positives, which can lead to the misrepresentation of critical pathways.
arXiv:2606. 09893v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography is the only noninvasive approach for mapping white-matter pathways in the living human brain.
Brain tissue microstructure estimation with machine learning provides higher computational efficiency than conventional fitting. However, machine learning still presents important limitations that hamper its clinical utility.
FlowMoDL is an unrolled neural network designed for highly accelerated 4D flow MRI reconstruction, optimizing both anatomical magnitude and phase-derived velocity accuracy. It alternates a learned (3+1)D spatiotemporal denoiser with conjugate‑gradient data‑consistency updates, using a dual‑pathway conditioning scheme to handle acceleration factors from 10× to 50×. Trained with a deep‑supervision composite loss that penalizes velocity magnitude and angular errors, FlowMoDL outperforms classical and deep‑learning baselines on the multi‑center CMRx4DFlow dataset, achieving superior gradient‑step efficiency and robust convergence across all acceleration factors.
arXiv:2606. 19651v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) brain MRI is central to clinical neurology and neuro-oncology, where generative models could augment under-represented cohorts, simulate disease trajectories, and support privacy-preserving data sharing.