The paper presents MediClear, an LLM-based system that simplifies diabetes-related medical information for patients. By indexing public articles from Diabetes Australia, WHO, ADA, NIDDK, and AIHW in a Retrieval-Augmented Generation knowledge base, MediClear retrieves clinically grounded content and rewrites it into patient-friendly language. Evaluation shows the system consistently lowers reading levels to the recommended patient literacy range and receives high user satisfaction in a human study.
arXiv:2610.34871v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Objective: The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare has opened new possibilities for AI-assisted clinical decision-making; h...
arXiv:2605. 18937v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Patient-managed Personal Health Records (PHRs) promises to empower patients to better understand their health; but information in the record is complex, potentially hindering insights.
The paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o-mini, Gemini-1.5-pro, and LLaMA can be used to automatically simplify complex medical texts into plain language, a process known as Plain Language Adaptation (PLA). It evaluates different prompting strategies, fine‑tunes models with QLoRA, and incorporates Mixture‑of‑Agents (MoA) techniques to improve adaptability and robustness. The results show that LLM‑driven PLA effectively makes healthcare information more comprehensible while preserving essential content.
arXiv:2609.38543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Constantly evolving real-world knowledge necessitates models to be updated continuously. Especially in medicine, as clinical evidence changes over time...
The paper surveys open, non‑proprietary large language models (LLMs) and AI foundation models (AIFMs) for clinical use, presenting a taxonomy of current state‑of‑the‑art models. It empirically tests open‑weight LLMs on a personalized‑prescription task, finding that they match or surpass a proprietary baseline in overall suitability accuracy, especially when combined with Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG). A subjective evaluation by blinded raters shows mixed effects of RAG on perceived suitability across multiple dimensions, and the authors discuss ethical risks and the need for responsible deployment.
arXiv:2608. 19875v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Patients often submit short, underspecified queries to healthcare chatbots that lack the patient-specific information needed to determine an appropriate response.
MIRA is a bilingual benchmark that evaluates whether large language models (LLMs) provide consistent medical information across different user phrasings, languages, and health literacy levels. It contains 4,320 prompts derived from 60 medically reviewed low‑risk health questions and reveals that models tend to omit key information and offer fewer concrete next steps when responding to low health‑literacy signals, a phenomenon termed Differential Information Dilution (DID). A knowledge‑guided mitigation prompt can reduce this dilution for most models, notably improving Claude and Qwen.
arXiv:2611.00460v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) now answer medical exam questions at or above expert level, but it is unclear whether such scores reflect clinical compe...
arXiv:2609.22161v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical large language models are commonly trained on mixtures of didactic data (e.g., textbooks) and clinical data (e.g., patient records), yet how...
arXiv:2607. 06641v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) achieve promising results on medical question answering benchmarks, yet their use in public health is constrained by hallucinations and the rapid evolution of official guidance.
ClinAgent is a conversational system that uses a ReAct-based LLM agent to retrieve and synthesize clinical trial information from multiple sources such as ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and a local dataset. The agent iteratively reasons over user queries, selects appropriate tools, and refines its actions to provide grounded, up-to-date responses in natural language across multi-turn interactions. Evaluation across three phases shows that DeepSeek (thinking mode) excels in planning quality while Gemini 3.0 Flash delivers the highest overall performance and expert ratings, demonstrating the promise of agentic AI for improving clinical trial data access.
The paper examines how Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Named Entity Recognition (NER) affect the quality of lay summaries of radiology reports. Using a framework that extracts clinically relevant findings via NER and grounds them with RAG, the authors evaluate few‑shot and fine‑tuned versions of Qwen and BioBART. Results show that NER consistently improves readability and overall quality, RAG alone offers no benefit and can introduce hallucinations, and the best performance comes from fine‑tuned BioBART with NER.