The paper presents a decentralized navigation framework for composite heterogeneous robots that integrates a large language model (LLM) policy agent, an Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) bandit, and a Double Deep Q-Network (Double DQN) controller. Each robot independently generates and refines policies at the round level using LLM inference, while the Double DQN handles tick-level action selection based on navigation variables and LLM priors. Across 30 rounds, the full configuration achieved all goals with the lowest median completion time (42 ticks) and a 25–39% improvement over other setups.
arXiv:2605. 30719v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study when large language models (LLMs) can serve as effective black-box policy optimizers for reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, i.
The paper introduces SUN (Semantically UNified) Programs, typed executables that translate grounded relations into optimal control objectives, satisfaction predicates, and learning rewards. Using the Kuafu harness, a foundation model orchestrates scene preparation, verification, residual reinforcement learning, and data generation, repairing candidate programs and calibrating reward weights. Across nine multi‑stage manipulation tasks, Kuafu achieves an 82.03% success rate, outperforms learned baselines, generates demonstrations 10.57× faster than human teleoperation, and transfers zero‑shot to physical Franka and Kinova robots.
arXiv:2606. 25700v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been success in minimizing both memory usage and computation with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), like Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA).
SO-101 Bench is a simulated benchmark for language‑conditioned spatial manipulation on the low‑cost SO‑101 robotic arm, built using an Isaac Lab digital twin of a real setup. It features four tasks across five families, 138 objects with seen/unseen splits, 916 evaluation episodes, and 3,629 simulated demonstrations for policy fine‑tuning. The benchmark’s rankings mirror real‑world performance (Spearman ρ = 1.00) and reveals that while learned policies reach about 61% success, an LLM‑driven agent that writes code and delegates grasping achieves 83.2%.
arXiv:2606. 24669v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for planning and sequential decision-making, but prior work often relies on using them as direct controllers, which requires precise action generation and can be unreliable in practice.
The paper explores a runtime strategy-selection framework where a large language model (LLM) guides a pre‑trained reinforcement learning (RL) policy for non‑player characters (NPCs) in a Unity combat game without altering the underlying policy. Five NPC agents sharing a PPO policy were compared in a baseline setup and an LLM‑augmented setup, where a locally hosted Mistral 7B model assigns one of four tactical tags every five seconds based on live game state. Across 600 episodes against three scripted opponents, the LLM‑augmented agents more than doubled their win rate against a Balanced opponent, improved performance against an Evasive opponent, but struggled against an Aggressive opponent due to over‑reliance on encirclement; analysis of 2,430 strategy selections revealed limited zero‑shot differentiation with the model favoring Surround in 83.8% of cases.
arXiv:2609.07111v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quadruped robot locomotion policies are often trained using reinforcement learning, which in turn relies heavily on hand-crafted reward functions. De...
RoboAware learns to coordinate modular robot skills by training a state‑conditioned responsibility coordinator using counterfactual outcomes. It introduces State‑Locked Counterfactual Branching (SCB) to generate outcomes for all admissible skill families from the same state, and Execution‑Aware Learning (EAL) to distill these outcomes into family‑conditioned values via Monte Carlo tree search and Q‑learning. In single‑episode evaluations across 100 tasks, RoboAware achieves a 77.0% overall success rate, outperforming existing baselines on RoboSuite, LIBERO‑Pro, and RoboTwin bimanual tasks.
arXiv:2608. 19891v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How to efficiently finetune robot policies to learn new tasks on the fly?
arXiv:2606. 31846v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models offer a promising framework for robotic manipulation by connecting language instructions, visual observations, and continuous control.
EmbodiedSkills is a skill-based agent framework that enhances frozen vision‑language‑action (VLA) policies with world action models for consequence‑aware action selection. It defines reusable skills for observation, context encoding, candidate generation, consequence prediction, outcome evaluation, candidate comparison, and action execution, organized into five stages that support both continuous action chunks and pick‑and‑place primitives. The framework improves success rates on MetaWorld MT50, CLIPort, and CALVIN benchmarks by incorporating outcome predictions and lightweight comparators while keeping the core policy and observation encoders frozen.
arXiv:2608.21204v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Behaviour Cloning (BC) has driven remarkable progress in robot manipulation, yet it is fundamentally limited by its inability to self-improve: a poli...